三維虛擬交互式校園現(xiàn)實(shí)平臺(tái)的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)

約兩萬(wàn)多字

摘 要



虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)，或虛擬實(shí)境（Virtual Reality），簡(jiǎn)稱VR技術(shù)，也稱靈境技術(shù)或人工環(huán)境，是利用電腦模擬產(chǎn)生一個(gè)三度空間的虛擬世界，提供使用者關(guān)于視覺(jué)、聽(tīng)覺(jué)、觸覺(jué)等感官的模擬，讓使用者如同身歷其境一般，可以及時(shí)、沒(méi)有限制地觀察三度空間內(nèi)的事物。使用者進(jìn)行位置移動(dòng)時(shí)，電腦可以立即進(jìn)行復(fù)雜的運(yùn)算，將精確的3D世界影像傳回產(chǎn)生臨場(chǎng)感。該技術(shù)集成了計(jì)算機(jī)圖形（CG）技術(shù)、計(jì)算機(jī)仿真技術(shù)、人工智能、傳感技術(shù)、顯示技術(shù)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)并行處理等技術(shù)的最新發(fā)展成果，是一種由計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)輔助生成的高技術(shù)模擬系統(tǒng)。隨著現(xiàn)代科技與信息的發(fā)展，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)逐漸成為人們關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)之一。

本文基于南京郵電大學(xué)的仙林校區(qū)教學(xué)區(qū)及其主要生活區(qū)域，利用CAD、3Ds Max以及VRP軟件，建立了其校園虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)平臺(tái)，完成了校園的可視、漫游等功能的實(shí)現(xiàn)。

首先，對(duì)于虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)有一個(gè)概念性的介紹，然后圍繞著南京郵電大學(xué)的虛擬演示及三維互動(dòng)這個(gè)課題，講述了三維建模技術(shù)、渲染技術(shù)、烘培技術(shù)和人機(jī)交互技術(shù)。介紹了其中所涉及的相關(guān)軟件，以及其中所涉及到的技術(shù)。對(duì)于課題的完成過(guò)程作了比較詳盡的描述，包括其中注意的細(xì)節(jié)，遇到的困難以及解決方法。

其次，通過(guò)南京郵電大學(xué)校園場(chǎng)景的模型建立、渲染、烘焙、交互等技術(shù)的結(jié)合，構(gòu)造建立出了一個(gè)較為生動(dòng)的三維校園。人們可以通過(guò)方向鍵盤(pán)在運(yùn)行界面中進(jìn)行校園漫游，展示了南京郵電大學(xué)的校園風(fēng)貌，讓更多的人了解南京郵電大學(xué)。這是地理信息系統(tǒng)在虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)中的一個(gè)典型應(yīng)用。

最后，對(duì)于此項(xiàng)課題進(jìn)行總結(jié)和相關(guān)后續(xù)發(fā)展的論述，例如網(wǎng)絡(luò)平臺(tái)的發(fā)布，相關(guān)技術(shù)的現(xiàn)實(shí)應(yīng)用等，結(jié)合本專業(yè)的知識(shí)論述了此項(xiàng)技術(shù)在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用。



關(guān)鍵詞：虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)，3Ds Max，VRP，建模，渲染，烘焙



ABSTRACT



Virtual reality (VR) is a term that applies to computer-simulated environments that can simulate places in the real world as well as in imaginary worlds. Most current virtual reality environments are primarily visual experiences, displayed either on a computer screen or through special stereoscopic displays, but some simulations include additional sensory information, such as sound through speakers or headphones. Some advanced systems now include tactile information, generally known as force feedback, in medical and gaming applications. With the development of knowledge economy, information technology and modernization of national defense, virtual reality technique has become one of the hot issues currently.



Based on the Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Xianlin campus teaching areas and the main living area, this paper takes use of the software such as CAD, 3Ds Max, VRP to build the campus virtual reality platforms, realize visual campus, roaming and other functions.



First of all, the concept of virtual reality technology is introduced firstly. Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications is taken as the test virtual space, the 3D modeling technology, rendering, bake and virtual wandering skills have been discussed respectively. Then the paper introduces which involves software, and in which the technology involved. It completes the process for the subject made a more detailed description, including the attention to details the difficulties encountered and the solutions.



Furthermore, with the adoption of kinds of technology such as modeling, rending, baking, a vivid 3D campus of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications has been set up. People can ramble in the virtual campus atmosphere with the help of the control keyboard or the mouse, and the mien of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications is revealed. This successful case can be looked as a typical application system of virtual reality technology.



Finally, the subjects were reviewed and discussed the development of related follow-up, such as network platform release, the relevant technology, practical applications, combined with the professional knowledge on this technology in various fields.





Key words: Virtual Reality; 3Ds Max; VRP; modeling; rendering; bake.



目 錄



第一章 緒論 1

1.1選題背景 1

1.1.1虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)概述 1

1.1.2虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)的應(yīng)用 1

1.2虛擬校園概況 2

1.2.1虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)校園的發(fā)展 2

1.2.2虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)校園平臺(tái)技術(shù) 2

1.3論文框架 4

第二章 校園建模技術(shù)的分析與對(duì)比 5

2.1常見(jiàn)建模技術(shù) 5

2.1.1 MultiGen Creator建模 5

2.1.2 Maya建模 6

2.1.3 3Ds Max建模 6

2.2校園建模相關(guān)技術(shù) 7

2.2.1模型和材質(zhì)的建立與編輯 7

2.2.2渲染技術(shù) 8

2.2.3烘焙技術(shù) 11

2.2.4漫游技術(shù) 11

第三章 校園模型的建立 13

3.1前期處理 13

3.1.1 前期處理的原因 13

3.1.2 CAD圖樣編輯 13

3.2將CAD導(dǎo)入3Ds Max 15

3.3 3Ds Max建模 16

3.3.1 多邊形細(xì)致建模 16

3.3.2 紋理貼圖建模 20

3.3.3地面的建造 22

3.3.4校園環(huán)境 23

第四章 校園場(chǎng)景的渲染烘焙 24

4.1燈光處理 24

4.1.1定向投射類燈光 24

4.1.2日光投射 25

4.1.3環(huán)境效果 26

4.2渲染處理 27

4.3烘焙處理 28

第五章 校園場(chǎng)景虛擬漫游的實(shí)現(xiàn) 29

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