超大型船舶的操縱性能研究

[摘要] 隨著航運市場的快速發(fā)展,造船技術的大大提高，越來越多的超大型船舶不斷投入營運。由于沿海水域、運河、港口等通航密度大，超大型船舶的可航水域受限。船舶在大型化發(fā)展的過程中，其船體尺度和主機推進馬力都有了大幅度的增加，但是船體尺度和載重噸位的增加遠大于所配備主機馬力的增加。在操縱性能上，超大型船舶有其自身的特點：諸如緊急停船性能下降(沖程大)，反應遲鈍，舵效差，航向穩(wěn)定性差，變速操縱較為呆笨，減速慢，加速也慢。L/B的值較小，易產生偏航；OB/D的值較大，淺水航行時易首傾，航行阻力增大、船速下降等。因此，對超大型船舶操縱性能的認識以及如何運用好其操縱特點，保證船舶的安全航行成了每一名海船駕駛員以及航海愛好者共同關心的課題。本文主要就ETERNAL BRIGHT（恒輝輪）的一些操縱性實驗(Z型試驗、改向試驗、旋回試驗、停船試驗)和錨泊、靠離碼頭等操縱來闡述對超大型船的一些操縱體會,對其操縱特性作一些簡單的總結。

[關鍵詞] 超大型船舶  操縱性能  實驗數(shù)據(jù)  旋回圈  停車沖程

 
Study on Maneuvering Performance of Super Large Ship

[Abstract] Along with fast development of the shipping market, the marine technology enhanced greatly, more and more super large ships unceasingly invest into transport business. Because of the density of navigation is too big on the coastal waters, the canal, the harbor and so on. The super large ships are limited by navigation waters. During the development process of ships in large scale, ship’s hull criterion and the horsepower of main engine all to have the large scale increase, but the increase of the hull criterion and the dead weight in tons is bigger than the one of main engine horsepower. In the handling performance, the super large ships have its own characteristic: The urgent stopping(stroke in lomg distance), the slow reaction, bad steering, bad directional stability. The speed change operation is bad, deceleration is slowly, the acceleration is also slowly.The L/B value is small, easy to yaw. The B/D value is large, easy to have trim of the head. Navigation drag increament, and the ship's speed drop on shallow water. Therefore, how to understand the handling performance of the super large ships ,as well as utilize its handling characteristic, to guaranteed the security of ship’s navigation becomes the same topic for ship officer and the navigation amateur. This paper mainly make some simple summaries about handling characteristic of the vessel of “ETERNAL BRIGHT”according to some practices of maneuverable experiments (Z-mode test, course changing test, turning test, stopping test), anchorage, alongside and departure wharf.

[Keyword] Super Large Ship  Maneuvering Performance  Experimental Data  Turning Cycle  Stopping Stroke
 
目錄

前言 1
第一章 超大型船舶的概念及其特點 2
1.1 超大型船舶的概念 2
1.2 超大型船舶的特點 2
第二章 ETERNAL BRIGHT輪概況及操縱性試驗數(shù)據(jù) 4
2.1 船舶概況 4
2.2 操縱性試驗數(shù)據(jù) 4
2.2.1 Z型試驗 4
2.2.2 改向試驗 5
2.2.3 旋回圈試驗 7
2.2.4 ETERNAL BRIGHT 輪沖程特性 11
第三章 錨泊操縱 13
3.1 超大型船舶錨泊注意事項 13
3.1.1 駛入預定描地的操縱 13
3.1.2 拋描時的余速 13
3.1.3 拋描方法 14
3.1.4 注意事項 14
3.2 ETERNAL BRIGHT OPL 錨泊實列 15
第四章 靠離泊操縱 17
4.1 靠泊操縱實例 17
4.2 離泊操縱實例 18
結束語 19
致謝語 20
[參考文獻] 21