75th循環(huán)硫化床鍋爐除塵裝置規(guī)劃與設計

摘  要
英國豎起無數(shù)冒著黑煙的煙囪標志著工業(yè)革命的到來，當時人們還沉浸在征服自然和創(chuàng)造財富的喜悅當中，工業(yè)革命發(fā)展的一百年中所創(chuàng)造出的價值比自從人類開始勞動到工業(yè)革命前所創(chuàng)造出的多的多。但那時人們并沒有意識到除了財富之外從那些煙囪冒出的黑煙帶來了什么。當時少數(shù)先進的資本主義國家意識到的時候他們又開始花巨大的代價開始治理這些污染所造成的環(huán)境問題，從能源的高效利用到廢氣、廢水、廢渣的凈化等。我國作為一個發(fā)展中國家借鑒了歷史經(jīng)驗避免走先污染后治理的老路，制定了相關(guān)的法律法規(guī)開始治理環(huán)境問題。“廢水、廢氣、廢渣”及噪聲對人類的健康和生活都有著不良的影響。
而對于一臺位于市區(qū)的75t/h的循環(huán)流化床鍋爐，應選擇合適的高效除塵系統(tǒng)，選擇怎樣的除塵系統(tǒng)，以及合適的設備型號，才能保證高效與經(jīng)濟性兼顧，將是本文研究的重點。由于循環(huán)流化床鍋爐的燃燒特性，它的未燃盡細粒的排放量很大，參考各種除塵裝置的除塵特性與效率，本文采用了靜電除塵作為本鍋爐的主要除塵系統(tǒng)，將旋風除塵裝置作為前置除塵設備，此外，合理布置鍋爐房及管道，并對有關(guān)可改進的地方加以改進，以保證經(jīng)濟與高效兼顧，本文也將加以嘗試。（適當補充 循環(huán)流花床鍋爐選擇靜電除塵的原因）

關(guān)鍵詞:  鍋爐  環(huán)境  除塵器  煙氣量  電除塵設計

Abstract
Britain put up countless chimneys black smoke marks the arrival of the Industrial Revolution, when it was still immersed in the conquest of nature and the joy of creation of wealth among a hundred years the development of the industrial revolution to create value in the ratio of labor to the industry since the beginning of mankind before the revolution to create a multi-multi. But then people do not realize that in addition to wealth than the smoke from those chimneys brought about. At that time a small number of advanced capitalist countries began to realize that when they began to take control of these huge costs caused by pollution, environmental problems, from efficient use of energy to waste gas, waste water, waste purification and so on. Being a developing country learn from the experience of history to avoid taking the old path of pollution first, treatment later, formulated relevant laws and regulations began to control environmental problems. "Waste water, waste gas, waste residue," and noise on human.
And in the urban area for a 75t / h coal-fired boilers, should select the appropriate and efficient dust removal system, choose what kind of dust removal system, and the appropriate device models in order to ensure both efficiency and economy, will be the focus of this study .Will be the focus of this study. Since the combustion characteristics of circulating fluidized bed boiler, it does not burn very fine emissions, reference all kinds of dust removal device characteristics and efficiency, we use the electrostatic dust as the main boiler dust removal system, In addition, the rational arrangement of boiler room and piping, and related areas of improvement to be improved in order to ensure economy and efficiency into account, this paper will try it out.

Key word: Boiler  Environment  Dust collector  Smoke  ESP Design

 
目錄
1 前言 1
2 燃煤鍋爐與環(huán)境保護的關(guān)系 1
2.1燃煤鍋爐 1
2.2 燃煤鍋爐對環(huán)境的影響 2
2.3 環(huán)境保護 3
3 循環(huán)流化床鍋爐與除塵裝置的確定 3
3.1 循環(huán)流化床鍋爐 4
3.2旋風分離器 5
3.3 布袋除塵技術(shù) 6
3.4水膜除塵器 7
3.5 靜電除塵 8
3.6 袋式除塵器與電除塵器比較和存在的問題 10
3.6.1 經(jīng)濟比較 10
3.6.2  電除塵器與袋除塵器存在的問題 11
3.7除塵裝置的選擇與設置 12
4 相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)的確定 12
4.1  q3的選取 13
4.2  q4的選取 14
4.3  煙塵容許排放濃度的確定 15
4.3.1  主題內(nèi)容與適用范圍 15
4.3.2  引用標準： 15
4.3.3  定義 15
        4.3.3.1 標準狀態(tài)： 15
        4.3.3.2 煙塵初始排放濃度： 15
        4.3.3.3 煙塵排放濃度： 16
        4.3.3.4 自然通風鍋爐： 16
        4.3.3.5 收到基灰分： 16
        4.3.3.6 過量空氣系數(shù)： 16
4.4  技術(shù)內(nèi)容 16
    4.4.1 適用區(qū)域劃分類別 16
    4.4.2 年限劃分 16
    4.4.4 鍋爐二氧化硫和氮氧化物最高允許排放濃度 16
    4.4.5 燃煤鍋爐煙塵初始排放濃度和煙氣黑度限值 17
    4.4.6 其他規(guī)定 17
4.5  監(jiān)測 17
5 計算空氣量和煙氣量 20
5.1 空氣量的計算 20
5.2 煙氣量的計算 21
6 對靜電除塵裝置進行初步設計 22
6.1電除塵器的結(jié)構(gòu) 22
6.2確定比集塵表面積，確定內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu) 22
6.2．1  比集塵表面積的計算 22
6.2．2  確定內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu) 24
6.3  確定外形尺寸，確定氣流速度，計算或核算流動阻力 27
6.3.1 確定長高比，計算外形尺寸 27
6.3．2電除塵器的流動阻力 30
6.4 核算靜電除塵裝置漏風率及主要支撐件的強度 30
6.5 整流裝置、保溫等輔助設計 31
6.5.1 整流裝置設計 31
6.5.2 保溫裝置的設計 32
7 本系統(tǒng)的改進與展望 33
7.1 加裝陰極防風板， 33
7.2截流墻 34
7.3 電暈極 34
8 總結(jié) 34
致    謝 35
參考文獻 36