基于單片機的水位測量計的設計【電子專業(yè) 畢業(yè)設計】

摘   要
隨著計算機技術和現(xiàn)代通信技術的迅速發(fā)展，水位測量計已經(jīng)從普通型對講發(fā)展到智能化，而且水位測量計的功能日益趨向于完善，然而水位測量計的許多相關理論與技術仍在不斷發(fā)展。
水位測量計是近年來開發(fā)的一項新技術，它是傳感器、硬件、軟件等幾項技術緊密結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物，作為鍋爐控制裝置，其主要任務是保證水罐的安全、穩(wěn)定、經(jīng)濟的運行，減輕工作人員的勞動強度。采用單片機，能對鍋爐進行自動檢測、自動控制等多項功能。由于我國水位測量操作水平落后，工作人員過多，但是現(xiàn)在水位測量計為水位控制開辟了廣闊的前景。
    水位測量計，它的作用是觀測和控制容器內(nèi)的介質(zhì)多少量，通過液面的高度來掌握體積的多少，從而達到防止超裝和掌握存液數(shù)量的目的。對水位測量計研究，有利于滿足人們?nèi)找嬖鲩L的物質(zhì)需求，通過將科學技術應用到水位控制上從而使得人們真正體會到科技的發(fā)展給自己的現(xiàn)實生活所帶來的方便和舒適。

關鍵詞：單片機   水位   傳感器

Abstract：
Along with the computer technology and Modern Communication Technology's rapidly expand, the water level survey meter already to said from the popular type develops the intellectualization, moreover the water level survey meter's function tends to day by day the consummation, however water level survey meter's many correlation theories and the technology unceasingly were still developing.
The water level survey meter is a new technology which the recent years developed, it was the sensor, the hardware, the software and so on several technical close union product, as the boiler control installment, its primary mission was guaranteed that watering can's security, stable, economical movement, reduced staff's labor intensity. Uses the monolithic integrated circuit, can carry on the automatic detection, the automatic control to the boiler and so on many functions. Because our country water level survey operational level is backward, the staff are excessively many, but the present water level survey meter opened the broad prospect for the water monitor.
 The water level survey meter, its function is in the observation and the control vessel's medium are much few, grasps the volume highly through the liquid level how many, thus achieves prevents the ultra attire and grasps saves the fluid quantity the goal. To the water level survey meter research, is advantageous satisfies the material needs which the people grow day by day, through applies the science and technology in the water monitor, thus causes the people to realize truly the science and technology the development convenient which and the comfort brings for own real life.

Keywords:Monolithic integrated circuit    Water level    Sensor

目  錄
1  引言 1
1.1 選題的目的意義 1
1.2 應解決的主要問題 1
1.3 國內(nèi)外發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 1
2  設計方案的確定 3
3  硬件設計 5
3.1 傳感器的選擇 5
3.1.1 傳感器的概述 5
3.1.2 傳感器類別的選擇 6
3.1.3 傳感器型號的選擇 8
3.2 A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器的選擇 11
3.2.1 A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器的主要技術指標 11
3.2.2 A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器的類別的選擇 12
3.2.3 A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器型號的選擇 13
3.2.4 ADC0809芯片的引腳功能 15
3.3 單片機選擇 19
3.3.1 單片機的簡介 19
3.3.2 8051芯片引腳 20
3.3.3 存儲器 22
3.4 復位電路和時鐘電路的設計 24
3.4.1 復位電路設計 24
3.4.2 時鐘電路選擇 25
3.5 報警電路設計 26
3.6 控制電路的設計 27
3.7 鍵盤顯示電路設計 27
3.7.1 鍵盤電路簡介 27
3.7.2 鍵盤電路的分類 28
3.7.3 8155的結(jié)構與引腳 29
3.7.4 矩陣式鍵盤電路簡介 30
3.8 顯示電路設計 31
3.8.1 顯示器件的選擇 31
3.8.2 驅(qū)動芯片的選擇 31
3.8.3 MC14499芯片簡介 32
3.8.4 LED驅(qū)動芯片MC14499 34
3.9 集成穩(wěn)壓器電路 35
3.9.1 集成穩(wěn)壓器電路簡介 35
3.9.2 W7805芯片簡介 35
3.10 電源監(jiān)控器件 36
4  軟件設計 38
4.1 程序模塊 38
4.2 程序流程圖 38
4.2.1 主程序流程圖 38
4.2.2 A/D0809轉(zhuǎn)換程序流程 39
4.2.3 鍵盤掃描子程序 39
4.2.4 鍵盤顯示子程序的設計 41
總結(jié) 42
參考文獻 43
致    謝 44
附錄A 45
附錄B 46