基于單片機的智能壓力檢測系統(tǒng)的設計


摘要
壓力是工業(yè)生產過程中的重要參數之一。壓力的檢測或控制是保證生產和設備安全運行必不可少的條件。實現智能化壓力檢測系統(tǒng)對工業(yè)過程的控制具有非常重要的意義。本設計主要通過單片機及專用芯片對傳感器所測得的模擬信號進行處理,使其完成智能化功能。介紹了智能壓力傳感器外圍電路的硬件設計,并根據硬件進行了軟件編程。
本次設計是基于AT89C51單片機的測量與顯示。是通過壓力傳感器將壓力轉換成電信號，再經過運算放大器進行信號放大，送至8位A／D轉換器，然后將模擬信號轉換成單片機可以識別的數字信號，再經單片機轉換成LED顯示器可以識別的信息，最后顯示輸出。而在顯示的過程中通過鍵盤，向計算機系統(tǒng)輸入各種數據和命令，讓單片機系統(tǒng)處于預定的功能狀態(tài)，顯示需要的值。
本設計的最終結果是，將軟件下載到硬件上調試出來了需要顯示的數據，當輸入的模擬信號發(fā)生變化的時候，通過A/D轉換后，LED將顯示不同的數值。

關鍵詞: 壓力；AT89C51單片機；壓力傳感器；A/D轉換器；LED顯示；
 
Design of pressure detecting system based on single-chip
Abstract
Pressure is one of the important parameters in the process of industrial production. Pressure detection or control is an essential condition to ensure production and the equipment to safely operating, which is of great significance. The single-chip is infiltrating into all fields of our lives, so it is very difficult to find the area in which there is no traces of single-chip microcomputer. In this graduation design, primarily through by using single-chip and dedicated chip, handling of analog signal measured by the sensor to complete intelligent function. This design illustrates external hardware circuit design of intelligent pressure sensor, and conduct software development to the hardware.
The design is based on measurement and display of AT89C51 single-chip. This
is the pressure sensors will convert the pressure into electrical signals. After using operational amplifier, the signal is amplified, and transferred to the 8-bit A/D converter. Then the analog signal is converted into digital signals which can be identified by single-chip and then converted by single-chip into the information which can be displayed on LED monitor, and finally display output. In the course of show, through the keyboard to input all kinds of data and commands into the computer, the single-chip will locate in a predetermined function step to display required values.
The end result of this design is that by downloading software to the hardware, it will get the data which is required to display by debugging. When the input analog signals change, the LED monitor will display different values through the A/D converting.

Key words: pressure; AT89C51 single-chip; pressure sensor; A/D converter; LED monitor;

目錄
摘要.............................................................................................................................................I
Abstract………………………………………………………………………………………..II
第一章 緒論…………………………………………………………………………………...1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 基于單片機的智能壓力檢測的原理 2
1.2.1 壓力的概念 2
1.2.2 測量壓力的意義 3
第二章  基于單片機的智能壓力檢測系統(tǒng)的硬件設計…………………………………….4
2.1 壓力傳感器 4
2.1.1 壓力傳感器的選擇 4
2.1.2金屬電阻應變片的工作原理 4
2.1.3　電阻應變片的基本結構 6
2.1.4 電阻應變片的測量電路 6
2.2 信號放大電路 8
2.1.2 放大器的選擇 8
2.2.4 三運放大電路 9
2.3 A/D轉換器 10
2.3.1 A/D轉換模塊器件選擇 10
2.3.2 A/D轉換器的簡介 10
2.3.3 配置位說明 11
2.3.4 ADC0832工作時序圖 12
2.3.3 單片機對ADC0832的控制原理 13
2.4 單片機 14
2.4.1 AT89C51單片機簡介 14
2.4.2主要特性…. 15
2.4.3 管腳說明 15
2.4.5 芯片擦除 17
2.5 單片機于鍵盤的接口技術 18
2.5.1 鍵盤功能及結構概述 18
2.5.2 鍵盤抖動及去除 18
2.5.3 單片機與鍵盤的連接 19
2.6  LED顯示接口 21
2.6.1發(fā)光二極管及LED顯示器 21
2.6.2七段數碼顯示器 22
2.6.3 LED數碼管靜態(tài)顯示接口 24
第三章 軟件設計…………………………………………………………………………….26
3.1 A/D轉換器的軟件設計 26
3.1.1 ADC0832芯片接口程序的編寫 26
3.2 單片機與鍵盤的接口程序設計 27
3.4 LED數碼管顯示程序設計 28
第四章 總結………………………………………………………………………………….30
參考文獻……………………………………………………………………………………...31
附錄A………………………………………………………………………………………...32
附錄B…………………………………………………………………………………………33
致謝…………………………………………………………………………………………...38