電阻爐溫度控制系統(tǒng)

摘　　要
盡管科學(xué)在日新月異的飛速發(fā)展，控制手段也在不斷的向前進(jìn)步，智能化、集成度、開(kāi)放性、可靠度越來(lái)越高，目前常用的控制方式有PLC、DCS系統(tǒng)、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線(xiàn)控制系統(tǒng)、開(kāi)放式控制系統(tǒng)等，它們的功能越來(lái)越強(qiáng)大、性能越來(lái)越完善，比如說(shuō)控制精度、抗干擾能力、防爆性等都有了很大的提高，但是各種控制方式最基本的思想是一致的。
本文研究的主要問(wèn)題是實(shí)驗(yàn)室常用的管式電阻爐的溫度控制，要實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)電阻爐的溫度控制，就需了解這一被控對(duì)象的特性，因此又介紹了電阻爐溫度特性測(cè)試實(shí)驗(yàn)的整個(gè)過(guò)程、測(cè)試方案及其處理方法。然后針對(duì)電阻爐的特點(diǎn)，利用實(shí)驗(yàn)室現(xiàn)有的設(shè)備，提出了利用DDZ-III型儀表組合成一套單閉環(huán)負(fù)反饋的控制系統(tǒng)，通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)PID調(diào)節(jié)器的比例系數(shù)Kp、積分系數(shù)Ki和微分系數(shù)Kd來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)電阻爐溫度的控制。這種方法簡(jiǎn)單、易操作，最主要的是：利用實(shí)驗(yàn)室現(xiàn)有的設(shè)備去掌握設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)控制系統(tǒng)所要做的工作，更深刻的理解設(shè)計(jì)控制系統(tǒng)的思想，為以后的學(xué)習(xí)、工作打下了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。

關(guān)鍵詞：溫度特性測(cè)試；電阻爐；溫度控制系統(tǒng)；PID調(diào)節(jié)器的參數(shù)整定；單元組合儀表

 
The Resistance Furnace Temperature Control System
Abstract
Although the science is changing with each new day the rapid development, the control method in the unceasing forward progress, the intellectualization, integration rate openness, the margin of safety more and more is also high, at present the commonly used control mode has PLC, the DCS system, the field bus control system, the open style control system and so on, their function is more and more formidable, the performance more and more consummates, for instance said the control precision, antijamming ability, the explosion-proof and so on all had the very big enhancement, but each kind of control mode most basic thought is consistent.
This article studies the main question is the laboratory commonly used tubular resistance furnace temperature control, must realize to the resistance furnace temperature control, must understand this accusation object the characteristic, therefore also introduced the resistance furnace temperature characteristic test experiment entire process, the test plan and the processing method. Then in view of the resistance furnace characteristic, uses the laboratory existing equipment, proposed synthesizes a set of single closed loop negative feedback using the DDZ-III instrument unit the control system, through adjusts PID the regulator scale-up factor Kp, integral coefficient Ki and differential coefficient Kd realizes to the resistance furnace temperature control. This method simple, easy to operate, most main is: Grasps using the laboratory existing equipment designs the work which a control system must do, the more profound understanding design control system thought, for later study, the work has provided the very big help.

Key Words：Temperature characteristic test；Resistance furnace ；Temperature control system；PID regulator parameter installation；Unit combination measuring appliance
 
目　　錄
摘　　要 I
Abstract II
第一章   概述 1
1.1工業(yè)爐的概述 1
1.2 電阻爐溫度控制系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展及應(yīng)用 2
第二章：電阻爐溫度特性測(cè)試 3
2.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)說(shuō)明 3
2.2電阻爐溫度特性實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試 4
2.3 實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)處理 5
2.4 實(shí)驗(yàn)小結(jié) 12
第三章  電阻爐溫度控制系統(tǒng) 13
3.1爐溫控制的基本原理 13
3.1.1 各設(shè)備的工作原理及其用途 14
3.2儀表的選型 20
3.3控制系統(tǒng)的接線(xiàn)端子圖 22
第四章　PID調(diào)節(jié)器及其參數(shù)的整定 22
4.1 P、I、D各運(yùn)算規(guī)律的作用 23
4.1.1 比例（P）控制規(guī)律 23
4.1.2積分（I）控制規(guī)律 23
4.1.3   微分（D）控制規(guī)律 24
4.2 DDZ-III型調(diào)節(jié)器PID控制規(guī)律的實(shí)現(xiàn) 26
4.3 PID調(diào)節(jié)器的參數(shù)整定方法 26
4.4 本設(shè)計(jì)中PID調(diào)節(jié)器參數(shù)的整定結(jié)果 29
結(jié)束語(yǔ) 30
參 考 文 獻(xiàn) 31