基于單片機(jī)的錐管螺紋參數(shù)測(cè)量系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)與設(shè)計(jì)

摘 要
螺紋連接作為石油油管的常見(jiàn)連接方式，因此在采油作業(yè)中螺紋連接效果至關(guān)重要。本文選取資源豐富的C8051F005單片機(jī)，以該單片機(jī)為系統(tǒng)核心，提出了一種新的、基于單片機(jī)的錐管螺紋幾何參數(shù)自動(dòng)測(cè)量方法。其具體過(guò)程為：通過(guò)光柵和編碼器兩種傳感方式測(cè)量螺紋垂直和水平兩個(gè)方向的數(shù)據(jù)，并將數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)絇C機(jī)，然后用PC機(jī)處理數(shù)據(jù)信息來(lái)獲得被測(cè)錐管螺紋的相關(guān)幾何參數(shù)。論文主要包括機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)、硬件電路和軟件程序三個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容。 
機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)部分：機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)部分是系統(tǒng)正常運(yùn)動(dòng)的基礎(chǔ)。本系統(tǒng)機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)部分使用步進(jìn)電機(jī)為系統(tǒng)動(dòng)力來(lái)源，采用電機(jī)帶動(dòng)絲桿轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，絲桿帶動(dòng)其上的螺母左右移動(dòng)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)螺紋測(cè)量。
硬件電路部分：主要包括單片機(jī)最小系統(tǒng)，電源模塊的設(shè)計(jì)；光柵信號(hào)的細(xì)分辨向處理以及對(duì)細(xì)分后得到的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行采集與存儲(chǔ), 編碼器信號(hào)的辨相及對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)的采集與存儲(chǔ)；液晶電路用于測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)的顯示；步進(jìn)電機(jī)控制電路完成對(duì)步進(jìn)電機(jī)起停以及轉(zhuǎn)向的控制；單片機(jī)和PC機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)的串口通信部分，實(shí)現(xiàn)把采集來(lái)的數(shù)據(jù)通過(guò)串口送入PC機(jī)進(jìn)行保存、處理。
單片機(jī)軟件程序的設(shè)計(jì)：本課題采用C語(yǔ)言，使用目前流行的keil開發(fā)環(huán)境，基于模塊化、便于調(diào)試的原則編寫了單片機(jī)軟件程序。
    PC機(jī)軟件部分的設(shè)計(jì)。由于Visual C++功能強(qiáng)大、應(yīng)用靈活，選用Visual C++作為系統(tǒng)編程軟件；PC機(jī)程序部分包括串口通信，數(shù)據(jù)實(shí)時(shí)顯示，系統(tǒng)運(yùn)動(dòng)控制，被測(cè)件輪廓曲線顯示，數(shù)據(jù)保存、讀取、處理及顯示等五大模塊。
通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證，該系統(tǒng)功能完善、智能性高，能達(dá)到多種領(lǐng)域的測(cè)量要求，具有很好的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
關(guān)鍵詞：螺紋；C8051F005；Visual C++；步進(jìn)電機(jī)控制
   
 
DEVELOPMENT OF MEASURING CONICAL SCREW THREAD PARAMETER BASED ON MICROCONTROLLER
Abstract
Tube use screw thread to connect more to entirety. So it is important to examine the screw thread for normal oil production. This paper introduces an instrument for auto-measuring parameters of screw thread. This use C8051F005 microcontroller as the core of the system, grating sensor and rotary encode sensor, to get level data and vertical data, then send the data to PC, finally, calculation and treatment. This paper includes the following content:
Design of mechanical of system: mechanical is the base of moving of system, stepper motor is used to provide power, stepper motor drive screw rotation, screw drive screw nut move around, then the system can measure.
Design of hardware circuit of system: mainly include minimum system of microcontroller, design of power, the subdivision and sensing treatment of the grating signals, as well as collection and storage of grating data. The distinguish direction of rotary encode sensor, the part of LCD is used to display the data. electrical machine control circuit finished the controlling of the start, stop and direction of motor, serial connecting circuit is used to communicate with the PC.
Design of software of MCU: C Language Programming is used in this paper, use the pop compile environment keil, module principle is adopted in program.
Design of software of PC: on considering several interface programming software, because of the power, application flexibility of Visual C++, it is used. This part mainly includes serial connecting program, displaying of data, controlling of motor, saving and reading of data, displaying of curve and result.
It is proved that the design has the characteristic of featured and high intelligence, It has a very good application.
Key words: Screw thread, C8051F005, C++, Stepper Motor Control

 
目  錄
1 緒論 1
1.1 課題的研究背景 1
1.2螺紋傳統(tǒng)的測(cè)量方法 1
1.3螺紋測(cè)量的研究現(xiàn)狀 3
1.3.1國(guó)外研究現(xiàn)狀 3
1.3.2國(guó)內(nèi)研究現(xiàn)狀 3
1.3.3發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 4
1.4本課題的研究?jī)?nèi)容及研究意義 4
2 系統(tǒng)總體方案的研究與設(shè)計(jì) 6
2.1 系統(tǒng)總體設(shè)計(jì)思路 6
2.2 系統(tǒng)機(jī)械原理圖 7
2.3 系統(tǒng)硬件和軟件總體方案設(shè)計(jì) 9
2.3.1 系統(tǒng)總體硬件設(shè)計(jì) 9
2.3.2 系統(tǒng)總體軟件設(shè)計(jì) 10
2.4 本章小結(jié) 12
3系統(tǒng)硬件電路研究與設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā) 13
3.1單片機(jī)及最小系統(tǒng)電路 13
3.1.1 C8051F005單片機(jī)介紹 13
3.1.2單片機(jī)外圍電路 14
3.1.3電源及電源管理模塊 14
3.1.4 系統(tǒng)時(shí)鐘電路 15
3.1.5 JTAG接口電路 16
3.2光柵信號(hào)采集處理電路 16
3.2.1光柵傳感器的工作原理 16
3.2.2光柵傳感器的技術(shù)參數(shù) 18
3.2.3 光柵傳感器數(shù)據(jù)的處理 19
3.3編碼器信號(hào)采集處理電路 20
3.3.1 編碼器 20
3.3.2編碼器數(shù)據(jù)的處理 21
3.4 LCD顯示部分電路 21
3.5 USB轉(zhuǎn)UART橋接通信電路 23
3.5.1 USB通訊技術(shù) 23
3.5.2 CP2102芯片簡(jiǎn)介 23
3.6 數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)電路 24
3.6.1 I2C串行通訊技術(shù) 24
3.6.2存儲(chǔ)器接口電路 25
3.7 步進(jìn)電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)電路 25
3.8 本章小結(jié) 27
4系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì) 28
4.1 下位機(jī)軟件設(shè)計(jì) 28
4.1.1 Keil簡(jiǎn)介 28
4.1.2主程序設(shè)計(jì) 29
4.1.3 LCD顯示程序 29
4.1.4 數(shù)據(jù)采集函數(shù) 32
4.1.5 串口通信程序 32
4.1.6 數(shù)據(jù)存取程序設(shè)計(jì) 34
4.1.7 步進(jìn)電機(jī)控制程序 35
4.2上位機(jī)軟件設(shè)計(jì) 36
4.2.1面向?qū)ο缶幊?nbsp;36
4.2.2 上位機(jī)界面設(shè)計(jì) 37
4.2.3 串口通信模塊 38
4.2.4電機(jī)運(yùn)動(dòng)控制模塊 41
4.2.5數(shù)據(jù)實(shí)時(shí)顯示及繪圖模塊 41
4.2.6 采樣數(shù)據(jù)的保存與讀取 42
4.3 本章小結(jié) 43
5 系統(tǒng)調(diào)試及實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證 44
5.1 系統(tǒng)硬件調(diào)試 44
5.1.1 上電前檢查 44
5.1.2 電源電路調(diào)試 44
5.1.3 單片機(jī)最小系統(tǒng)調(diào)試 45
5.1.4 單片機(jī)外圍電路調(diào)試 45
5.2系統(tǒng)驗(yàn)證 46
5.2.1螺紋幾何參數(shù)的測(cè)量 46
5.2.2實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證 47
5.3本章小結(jié) 49
6 總結(jié)與展望 50
致謝 51
參考文獻(xiàn) 52
附錄A 55
附錄B 58