包括一張ddb圖紙

摘要
　　　蓄電池作為電力系統(tǒng)和通信系統(tǒng)中的直流系統(tǒng)向外供電的唯一設(shè)備，其性能的好壞直接關(guān)系到電力系統(tǒng)和通信系統(tǒng)的安全可靠性。但是由于使用不當(dāng)或者不能及時(shí)維護(hù)，經(jīng)常會(huì)導(dǎo)致蓄電池組中個(gè)別蓄電池的早期失效，會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響整個(gè)電池組的放電容量，嚴(yán)重者會(huì)導(dǎo)致整個(gè)供電系統(tǒng)的崩潰。因此必須對(duì)蓄電池組的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)在線檢測。而目前國內(nèi)廠家生產(chǎn)的蓄電池狀態(tài)檢測儀器僅僅可以實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)蓄電池的浮充狀態(tài)進(jìn)行在線檢測，不能對(duì)蓄電池充、放電的動(dòng)態(tài)過程中的性能狀態(tài)實(shí)時(shí)在線檢測診斷，無法及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)存在故障的失效電池。本設(shè)計(jì)在研究了蓄電池組運(yùn)行狀態(tài)監(jiān)測的有關(guān)技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上，利用常用微處理器技術(shù)，結(jié)合現(xiàn)代電路設(shè)計(jì)方法，開發(fā)了一種性價(jià)比高、功能更加完善的蓄電池在線檢測儀器。
　　　本論文首先介紹了對(duì)蓄電池檢測維護(hù)的方法及其現(xiàn)狀，然后結(jié)合對(duì)蓄電池充、放電的化學(xué)原理和蓄電池組均勻性的分析，深入探討了對(duì)蓄電池實(shí)施在線檢測的新方法。然后以此理論為指導(dǎo)，本論文著重分析了蓄電池在線智能檢測裝置的硬件電路設(shè)計(jì)，并對(duì)器件選擇和參數(shù)確定作了具體說明，最后對(duì)整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計(jì)作了分析說明。本論文工作的突出之處:在系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì)方面采用了一種新的測量蓄電池組中單體電池電壓的采樣電路;在系統(tǒng)功能方面，不僅實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)蓄電池浮充狀態(tài)的實(shí)時(shí)在線檢測，而且通過采用蓄電池組的均勻性判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)蓄電池充、放電的動(dòng)態(tài)過程中的性能狀態(tài)實(shí)時(shí)在線檢測診斷，還可以通過定期短時(shí)間放電的方法實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)蓄電池性能的快速判斷，及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)浮充狀態(tài)時(shí)檢測狀況正常但實(shí)際己經(jīng)存在故障的落后電池，極大的提高了對(duì)蓄電池檢測的準(zhǔn)確性、自動(dòng)化和智能化程度.這一研究設(shè)計(jì)的成功，對(duì)保證電力系統(tǒng)安全可靠運(yùn)行，提高蓄電池的使用壽命和效率，改善蓄電池維護(hù)工作具有積極的促進(jìn)作用。
關(guān)鍵詞：蓄電池 在線檢測 數(shù)字濾波

Abstract
　　　The security and reliability of electrical power and communication system is directly influenced by the performance of batteries, the only power source of its DC system. For being used improperly or not maintained in time, the individual battery of batteries may become invalided. As a result, the discharging capability of the batteries will decrease, and even worse make the electrical system corrupt. Therefore, the batteries must be monitored on-linely and real-timely. Now some factories have produced the motoring instruments for the batteries, but they are only available when the batteries are on floating charging status, and will be unable to work when the battery is on the course of charging or discharging. So the bad batteries couldn't be found in time. On the basis of discussion of the monitoring techniques of battery operating state, a new on-line monitoring system for battery is designed with the newly microprocessor and designing methods of circuit.
　　　Firstly, the methods and actualities of battery maintenance are introduced, and the new monitoring way is deeply discussed on the basis of theory of charging and discharging. Secondly, the emphasis is placed on the hardware and software designing of the monitoring instrument includes parts selecting, parameter setting and software designing flow etc. Finally, the integrated application of software designing is explained. The outstanding of this study is: for system hardware design, a new voltage measuring circuit, which is used to measure the voltage of the individual battery of batteries is designed; for the functions of the new instrument, it is used to monitor the battery on-linely and real-timely not only when the battery is on floating charging but also on the course of charging and discharging with the new judging criterion of battery performance. Even more, the battery, which is good in floating charging and actually may be bad, could be found quickly by discharging for a short time periodically. The precision, automation and intelligence of the monitoring system for battery is improved greatly. The success of the new instrument is sifficant for the security and reliability of power supply system, and the life and application efficiency of battery could be enhanced distinctly.
Keywords: battery  on-line monitoring  digital filtering

目錄
1 緒論 1
1.1 引言 1
1.2 蓄電池檢測現(xiàn)狀 1
1.2.1 蓄電池的容量檢測 2
1.2.2 蓄電池的電壓檢測 2
1.3研究的目的和內(nèi)容 4
2 蓄電池檢測技術(shù)原理 6
2.1蓄電池的電化學(xué)原理 6
2.1.1 蓄電池的電動(dòng)勢 6
2.1.2 蓄電池的主要技術(shù)參數(shù)及其定義 6
2.2 蓄電池的充、放電特性 7
2.2.1 蓄電池的充電特性 7
2.2.2 蓄電池的放電特性 8
2.2.3蓄電池的深度放電 10
2.2.4 故障蓄電池的充放電特性 10
2.3 蓄電池組的均勻性研究 10
2.3.1 蓄電池組均勻性的重要性 10
2.3.2 蓄電池組端電壓的分布規(guī)律 11
3 檢測控制系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì) 15
3.1 系統(tǒng)總體結(jié)構(gòu)和功能設(shè)計(jì) 15
3.2 電壓采集電路設(shè)計(jì) 16
3.3 微控制系統(tǒng)89C51及其外圍接口電路 19
3.3.1 89C51性能簡介 19
3.3.2模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換器(ADC)的使用及其接口設(shè)計(jì) 19
3.3.3 溫度傳感電路 21
3.3.4 人機(jī)接口 24
3.4 電源與PCB板設(shè)計(jì) 29
3.4.1 電源設(shè)計(jì) 29
3.4.2 PCB板設(shè)計(jì) 30
4 系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì) 32
4.1 電池電壓檢測軟件設(shè)計(jì)： 33
4.2 溫度檢測環(huán)節(jié)的軟件設(shè)計(jì) 37
5 系統(tǒng)校準(zhǔn) 39
5.1 電壓采集的非線性校正 39
5.2 本系統(tǒng)電壓采集的非線性校正 40
6 總結(jié) 41
致謝 42
參考文獻(xiàn) 43