鉛酸蓄電池智能充電系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)

內(nèi)容摘要：本文所設(shè)計(jì)的鉛酸蓄電池智能充電系統(tǒng)，內(nèi)容主要包括對(duì)蓄電池充電方法的研究和充電系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)。在通過對(duì)蓄電池充電原理和充電方法研究的基礎(chǔ)上，提出采用恒壓限流充電和脈沖充電相結(jié)合的充電方法。這種充電方法可以始終地使充電電流在總體上逼近蓄電池的可接受充電電流曲線，并且在整個(gè)充電期間內(nèi)適時(shí)地采取了去除蓄電池極化的措施。理論研究和實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)表明，這種充電模式可以大大縮短充電時(shí)間，提高充電效率。
實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，基于80196KB單片機(jī)控制的智能充電系統(tǒng)，其效率高、調(diào)節(jié)時(shí)間快的良好充電特性可得到充分發(fā)揮，使得蓄電池具有較高的使用容量和較長的循環(huán)壽命，可滿足電機(jī)車動(dòng)力蓄電池的充電要求，具有良好的應(yīng)用前景，為提高蓄電池的性能和可靠性提供一條新的、有效的途徑。

關(guān)鍵詞：鉛酸蓄電池  智能充電  80C196KB  單片機(jī)

Design for intelligent charging system of Lead-acid batteries
Abstract：In this paper the design of lead-acid batteries intelligent charging system, content mainly includes to battery charging method of research and charging system design. In the battery principle and charging methods on the basis of study, the paper proposes the constant pressure and pulse current limiting charging charging combination of charging methods. This kind of charging methods can always to recharge current in overall approximation battery acceptable charging electric current curve, and throughout the charging period timely adopted remove battery polarization measures. Theoretical and experimental data shows that this model can greatly shorten charging charging time and improve charging efficiency.
Experimental results show that based on the intelligent charging 80196KB single-chip microcomputer control system, its high efficiency, regulating time quick good charging characteristics can get fully, make battery has higher use capacity and long cycle life, can meet the electric locomotive motive battery charging request, has a good application prospect for improving battery performance and reliability provides a new and effective way.

Keywords: Lead-acid batteries  Intelligent charging  80C196KB  singlechip
 

目      錄
前言 1
1 總體設(shè)計(jì)方案 1
1.1系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)要求 1
1.2智能充電方法的選擇 2
1.3系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)原理框圖 2
1.4充放電方法的控制與實(shí)現(xiàn) 3
2 課題的研究現(xiàn)狀 3
2.1充電技術(shù)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r 3
2.2充電電源的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r 4
2.3傳統(tǒng)的充電方式 4
3 鉛酸蓄電池智能充電的基本原理 6
3.1蓄電池的基本概念和工作原理 6
3.1.1電池的種類和特性 6
3.1.2鉛酸蓄電池的基本概念 7
3.1.3鉛酸蓄電池的工作原理 10
3.2鉛酸蓄電池的充電特性 11
3.3 J.A.馬斯(J.A.Mas)三定律 12
3.4極化電壓 14
3.5智能充電的基本原理和控制方法 15
3.5.1智能充電的基本原理 15
3.5.2智能充電的幾種控制方法 15
4 系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計(jì) 17
4.1開關(guān)電源原理 17
4.2充電系統(tǒng)的主電路原理與設(shè)計(jì) 18
4.2.1全橋變換電路的設(shè)計(jì) 18
4.2.2能量回饋電路的設(shè)計(jì) 20
4.2.3主回路中建波與抗干擾電路的設(shè)計(jì) 21
4.2.4移相控制電路的設(shè)計(jì) 22
4.3充電回路控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) 28
4.3.1 80Cl96KB單片機(jī)最小系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) 28
4.3.2模擬量檢測(cè)電路 30
4.3.3鍵盤電路 30
4.3.4顯示電路 30
4.3.5執(zhí)行電路 31
4.4系統(tǒng)保護(hù)措施的設(shè)計(jì) 31
4.4.1過流保護(hù) 31
4.4.2軟啟動(dòng)保護(hù) 32
5 系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計(jì) 32
5.1充電系統(tǒng)的主程序設(shè)計(jì) 32
5.2實(shí)時(shí)時(shí)鐘中斷服務(wù)程序設(shè)計(jì) 34
5.3去極化子程序設(shè)計(jì) 35
6 結(jié)論 36
參考文獻(xiàn) 37