基于PLC的混凝土攪拌站控制及監(jiān)控程序設(shè)計

摘要：混凝土攪拌站是隨著水泥的誕生而產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展的。它是建筑、橋梁、道路、大壩等工程施工中的必備設(shè)備，它由貯料、配料、攪拌、放料等結(jié)構(gòu)部件組成，是一個受多環(huán)節(jié)制約的復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)。而隨著我國經(jīng)濟建設(shè)的高速發(fā)展，綜合國力不斷增強，國家對基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)的投資力度加大，拉動了城市商品混凝土的高速發(fā)展，同時，使混凝土攪拌站有了較大的發(fā)展空間，最初攪拌站僅以單機的形式出現(xiàn)，混凝土自拌自用，隨著基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)大規(guī)模的開展，產(chǎn)生了很大的商品混凝土市場，攪拌站的需求越來越大，計量要求越來越高，于是出現(xiàn)了各種不同形式帶有計量裝置的攪拌站，從而產(chǎn)生了現(xiàn)代的混凝土攪拌站。
常見的混凝土攪拌站控制方式有繼電器直接控制、PLC和計算機結(jié)合以及PLC和配料控制器結(jié)合3種控制方式。采用PLC和配料控制器結(jié)合控制的攪拌站性能可靠、性價比高，可以保證混凝土的質(zhì)量，提高混凝土生產(chǎn)效率。作為混凝土攪拌站的核心，控制及監(jiān)控程序在計量精確、控制可靠、管理方便等方面的要求也日益提高。
本文針對PLC和配料控制器結(jié)合控制的攪拌站來設(shè)計其控制及監(jiān)控程序設(shè)計中主要要完成的任務(wù)有系統(tǒng)構(gòu)造、PLC的I/O分配、工作流程圖及PLC程序的編寫。

關(guān)鍵詞:混凝土攪拌站；I/O分配；可編程控制器（PLC）；自動控制

The designing of the controlling and monitoring program for concrete mixing stations which based on PLC
Student:LI Cheng-hai   Teacher:QIN Yan-zhi
Abstract:Concrete mixing stations were producted and developed with the birth of cement. It is the construction of the necessary equipment for buildings, bridges, roads, dams and other projects.It’sconstructed from storage materials, ingredients, stirring, discharge, and other structural components,and it is a subject to the constraints of the complex multi-link system. As China's economic construction and the rapid development, Comprehensive national strength constantly enhance the state's infrastructure construction investment increased to boost the city's rapid development of ready-mixed concrete, so that the concrete mixing stations have larger space for development, the initial Mixing station only in the form of stand-alone, self-mix concrete-occupied, with the construction of infrastructure facilities for large-scale, a lot of ready-mixed concrete market was  developed, the demand for  mixing stations are larger and larger, and measures are increasingly demanded, so the mixing stations with various forms of measurement devices were developed, thereby the modern concrete mixing station was created.
Common concrete mixing stations control ways may be the three kinds:  Relay direct control, PLC and computer combination of ingredients and the PLC and controller combination.But PLC controller and a combination of ingredients control of the mixing station is reliable, cost-effective and can ensure the quality of concrete, increase the production efficiency. As the core of concrete mixing stations, The controlling and monitoring program in the measurement precise, reliable control, easy management and other aspects is increasingly demanded.
     This paper for PLC and the combination of ingredients controller to control the mixing station will design  its controlling  and monitoring program . In the main text I must complet a systematic structure, the I / O distribution of PLC  and prepar the work flow chart and PLC program.
Key words:concrete mixing station; the I / O distribut- ion;programmable logic controller(PLC); automatic control

目錄
1  緒 論 1
1.1 選題背景及意義 1
1.2 混凝土攪拌機的現(xiàn)狀及國內(nèi)市場分析[1][2] 1
1.3 本論文的主要工作 2
1.3.1混凝土攪拌站系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計 2
1.3.2混凝土攪拌站系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計 2
1.3.3 程序的調(diào)試 3
2  混凝土攪拌站概述 4
2.1 混凝土攪拌站的組成 4
2.2 電控系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)成 5
2.3 傳感器的選擇 8
2.4 小結(jié) 9
3  混凝土攪拌站控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計 9
3.1 控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計的基本原則及步驟[17] 9
3.2 可編程控制器綜述及其選用[16] 10
3.2.1 可編程控制器的特點 11
3.2.2  PLC的工作原理[15][16] 12
3.2.3 可編程控制器的選用及組態(tài)軟件選擇 14
3.2.3.1 可編程控制器的選用 14
3.2.3.2 組態(tài)軟件選擇 16
3.3 混凝土攪拌站PLC程序設(shè)計 17
3.3.1 混凝土攪拌站PLC程序設(shè)計思想 17
3.3.2 混凝土攪拌裝置的工藝流程 18
3.3.3 系統(tǒng)初始化程序及主程序設(shè)計 18
3.3.4 報警電路的設(shè)計 21
3.3.5 斷電保護(hù)程序設(shè)計 21
3.3.6 I/O分配表和模擬量輸入地址 22
3.3.7位存儲區(qū)（M）的使用概況 24
3.4 小結(jié) 25
4  程序調(diào)試 26
4.1仿真調(diào)試的準(zhǔn)備工作 26
4.2.1 系統(tǒng)初始化程序及主程序調(diào)試 28
4.2.2 報警程序的調(diào)試 29
4.2.3 模擬量處理 30
4.3 小結(jié) 31
5  結(jié)論與展望 32
致謝 33
參考文獻(xiàn) 34
附錄 35
附錄1 主程序梯形圖 35
附錄2 報警子程序梯形圖 44