沼氣脫氧工藝的研究

摘 要
沼氣中氧的存在使其在化工生產(chǎn)中具有安全隱患。同時(shí)沼氣的不同加工過程也對(duì)氧含量有一定要求。目前對(duì)沼氣脫氧的研究較少，而氣體脫氧工藝及脫氧劑的研究已日趨成熟。本次研究主要參考?xì)怏w脫氧研究的成果，結(jié)合沼氣本身的性質(zhì)對(duì)其進(jìn)行脫氧實(shí)驗(yàn)。
實(shí)驗(yàn)采用甲烷催化燃燒的方式進(jìn)行脫氧，所用氣體為模擬沼氣，所用催化劑為高活性的貴金屬催化劑T-349催化劑（Pt-Pd/Al2O3催化劑）。以歐洲標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（O2＜0.6%）為目標(biāo)，研究在不同溫度、壓力和空速條件下的脫氧效果。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明：溫度升高，脫氧深度降低，副反應(yīng)會(huì)加劇，最佳脫氧溫度為350℃；壓力升高，尾氣含氧量增加，最佳脫氧壓力為常壓；空速升高，產(chǎn)品氣中氧含量增加，最佳空速條件為1000h-1。但最終結(jié)果為350℃、0~0.4MPa及1000~6000h-1時(shí)均可達(dá)到脫氧目標(biāo)，工業(yè)應(yīng)用中應(yīng)結(jié)合實(shí)際要求選擇合適的工藝條件。

關(guān)鍵詞：沼氣；脫氧劑；溫度；壓力；空速

The research of methane deoxidation process
Abstract
The presence of oxygen in methane causes security risks in the chemical industry. Meanwhile different processes of methane also have requirements for oxygen content. Currently the research of methane deoxidation is insufficient while the gas deoxidization and deoxidizer technology is increasingly matured. According to the research outcome of gas deoxidizing and the nature of the methane, we have a study on the deoxidizing of methane.
We use the catalytic combustion to remove the oxygen from methane, the methane gas is simulation of gas distribution; the catalyst is high activity of noble metal catalyst T-349(Pt-Pd/Al2O3). Taking the European standard (O2<0.6%) as the goal we study the deoxidation effects with different temperature, pressure and space velocity. The results show that: when the temperature increases, the deoxidation depth comes down, while the secondary reaction will increase, the best deoxidation temperature is 350℃; as the pressure increases, the content of exhaust gas oxygen increases, the best deoxidation pressure is atmospheric pressure; as the space velocity increases, the product gas oxygen content goes up, the best space velocity is 1000h-1.But the final result is that we can achieve the target of deoxidation at 350℃, 0~0.4MPa and 1000~6000h-1, we should select the appropriate process conditions according to industrial applications.

key words: Methane; Oxygen; Temperature; Pressure; Space velocity
目  錄
第1章 前 言 1
第2章 文獻(xiàn)綜述 3
2.1 沼氣的開發(fā)與應(yīng)用 3
2.2 沼氣的凈化及脫氧 4
2.3 氣體脫氧劑的研究現(xiàn)狀 5
2.3.1 催化脫氧 6
2.3.2 吸收脫氧 6
2.3.3 燃燒法脫氧 7
2.4 氣體脫氧劑的類型 7
2.4.1 貴金屬脫氧劑 7
2.4.2 銅系脫氧劑 8
2.4.3 錳系脫氧劑 9
2.4.4 鎳系脫氧劑 9
2.4.5 鉬系脫氧劑 10
2.4.6 鐵系脫氧劑 11
2.4.7 耐硫脫氧劑 11
2.4.8 復(fù)合型脫氧劑 11
2.5 脫氧劑的工業(yè)應(yīng)用 12
2.5.1 煤層氣的脫氧 12
2.5.2 普氣脫氧及保護(hù)氣的制備 14
2.5.3 合成氣脫氧 15
2.5.4 烯烴脫氧精制 16
2.5.5 其他方面的應(yīng)用 18
2.6 沼氣脫氧的研究 19
2.7 小結(jié) 20
第3章 實(shí)驗(yàn)部分 22
3.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)所需原料 22
3.2 催化劑制備 22
3.2.1 制備順序 22
3.2.2 γ-Al2O3載體的物性 23
3.3 實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置及操作方法 23
3.4 分析方法 25
3.4.1 GC-2000Ⅱ氣相色譜儀的工作原理及結(jié)構(gòu) 25
3.4.2 色譜儀操作步驟 26
3.4.3 譜圖的分析 27
3.5 流量計(jì)的校正 28
3.5.1 流量校正曲線 29
3.5.2 對(duì)各組分流量的計(jì)算 30
第4章 結(jié)果與討論 31
4.1 反應(yīng)溫度對(duì)脫氧劑性能的影響 31
4.2 反應(yīng)壓力對(duì)脫氧劑性能的影響 33
4.3 空速對(duì)脫氧劑性能的影響 34
4.4 穩(wěn)定性實(shí)驗(yàn) 36
第5章 結(jié)論 39
參考文獻(xiàn) 40
致 謝 42
附錄 空速條件下所測(cè)得數(shù)值 43