X-Y數(shù)控工作臺機電系統(tǒng)設計

摘    要
  X-Y數(shù)控工作臺機電系統(tǒng)設計 是一個開環(huán)控制系統(tǒng),其結構簡單。實現(xiàn)方便而且能夠保證一定的精度。降低成本,是微機控制技術的最簡單的應用。它充分的利用了危機的軟件硬件功能以實現(xiàn)對機床的控制;使機床的加工范圍擴大,精度和可靠性進一步得到提高。X-Y數(shù)控工作臺機電系統(tǒng)設計是利用8031單片機,及2764,6264存儲器及8155芯片等硬件組成,在控制系統(tǒng)的硬件上編寫一定的程序以實現(xiàn)一定的加工功能。其基本思想是:通過圓弧或者直線插補程序以實現(xiàn)對零件進行幾何加工,每進行一段加工都要產(chǎn)生一定的脈沖以驅動電機正反轉,同時通過8155(1)將相應的加工進刀信息送至刀架庫中以實現(xiàn)以之相應的走刀,電機和刀具的相對運動所以實現(xiàn)了刀具對工件的加工。該控制系統(tǒng)采用軟件中斷控制系統(tǒng)結構及子程序結構簡單，條件明確在經(jīng)濟型數(shù)控中應用較多。中斷結構采用模塊化結構設計因為這種結構便于修改和擴充，編制較為方便，便于向多處理方向發(fā)展。X-Y數(shù)控工作臺機電系統(tǒng)設計采用步進電機作為驅動裝置。步進電機是一個將脈沖信號轉移成角位移的機電式數(shù)模轉換器裝置。其工作原理是：每給一個脈沖便在定子電路中產(chǎn)生一定的空間旋轉磁場；由于步進電機通的是三相交流電所以輸入的脈沖數(shù)目及時間間隔不同，轉子的旋轉快慢及旋轉時間的長短也是不同的。由于旋轉磁場對放入其中的通電導體既轉子切割磁力線時具有力的作用，從實現(xiàn)了旋轉磁場的轉動迫使轉子作相應的轉動，所以轉子才可以實現(xiàn)轉子帶動絲杠作相應的運動。本題目是步進電機，微型計算機，插補原理，匯編語言的綜合應用，本題目設計得到了老師的幫助和支持，最后由董玉紅老師審定，在此表示感謝。本題目由方世龍完成，共分六章，第一章主要設計總體方案設計第二章主要設計了機械系統(tǒng)設計；第三章主要設計了控制系統(tǒng)硬件設計；第四章主要設計控制系統(tǒng)軟件設計；第五章主要是本設計的附錄。因本人水平有限，錯誤和不足之處在所難免，處理問題也有不妥之處，敬請相關老師批評指正。                     

關鍵詞：X-Y數(shù)控工作臺；機電系統(tǒng)；微型計算機；6264存儲器
X-Y NC Worktable Mechatronics System Design
Abstract
CNC XY table is a mechanical and electrical systems design open-loop control system, its structure is simple. Realization of convenience and can guarantee a certain accuracy. Reduce costs, computer control technology is the most simple application. It full use of the software hardware crisis To achieve the functions of the machine control; to expand the scope of the processing machine tools, precision and reliability has been further improved. XY NC table is the use of mechanical and electrical systems design SCM 8031, 2764,6264 and 8155 and memory chips and other hardware components , In the control system of hardware on the preparation of certain procedures in order to achieve a certain processing functions. The basic idea is: circular or linear interpolation procedures to achieve the geometry of the parts for processing, every section of the processing should have a certain impulse to Electric drives positive and, through 8155 (1) corresponding to the processing of information sent to the turret into the knife in order to achieve the corresponding go to the knife, the electrical and tool to achieve the relative movement of the tool so the processing of the workpiece. The control system uses software interrupt control system structure and subroutine is simple, clear in the economic conditions in the application of NC more. Disruption of a modular structure because such a structure designed to facilitate revision and expansion, the establishment of more convenient, easy to handle and more direction. CNC XY table designed by mechanical and electrical systems as a stepping motor-driven devices. Stepper motor is a pulse will be transferred into angular displacement of the Electrical and Mechanical-DAC devices. Its working principle is: each to a pulse in the stator circuit will have a certain space in rotating magnetic field; because of the stepper motor is the three-phase AC-so enter the number of pulses and different time intervals, the rotation speed of the rotor and the length of rotation Are different. As the rotating magnetic field into which both the rotor cutting electricity conductor when a magnetic line of force, to achieve a rotating magnetic field from the force rotation for the corresponding rotor rotation, the rotor can achieve rotor lead screw for the corresponding movement. This topic is the stepper motor, micro-computers, interpolation principle, the comprehensive application of assembly language, this topic has been designed with the help of teachers DONG Yu-hong and support, the final audited by DONG Yu-hong teacher, expressed thanks for this. This subject by Fang Long completed, is divided into six chapters, Chapter 1 overall design of the main design Chapter II of the mechanical design system design; Chapter III of the main design of the control system hardware design; Chapter IV of the main control system design software design; Chapter 5 is the design of the appendix. I level because of the limited mistakes and inadequacies of the inevitable and deal with the problem has its drawbacks, please related to the teacher criticized the correction.

Keywords：X-Y NC Worktable; Mechatronics system; micro-computers; 6264 memory

目　　錄
X-Y數(shù)控工作臺機電系統(tǒng)設計 I
摘    要 I
Abstract 2
X-Y數(shù)控工作臺機電系統(tǒng)設計 1
第1章  緒  論 1
1.1兩坐標數(shù)控系統(tǒng)課題研究意義 1
1.2 兩坐標系數(shù)控工作臺課題研究主要內(nèi)容 1
1.2.1 兩坐標系系統(tǒng)的組成 1
第2章  機械系統(tǒng)設計 1
2.1 工作臺外形尺寸及重量估算 1
第3章  控制系統(tǒng)硬件設計 10
3.1 CPU板 10
3.2 驅動系統(tǒng) 13
3.2.1步進電機驅動電路和工作原理 13
3.2.3 電源轉換 15
3.4 本章小節(jié) 16
第4章 控制系統(tǒng)軟件設計 17
4.1 總體方案 17
4.2 主流程圖 17
4.3  INT0中斷服務流程圖 18
4.4  INT1中斷服務流程圖 19
4.2.2 X軸電機點動正轉程序流程圖 23
4.4.3 繪制圖弧程序流程圖 24
4.4.4 步進電機步進一步程序流程圖 29
結    論 31
參考文獻 32
致    謝 33
附    錄 34