摘  要

隨著當(dāng)今工業(yè)設(shè)備對(duì)精密程度的要求越來(lái)越高，加工設(shè)備的機(jī)械加工設(shè)備的加工的精密程度也要求越來(lái)越高。而在中國(guó)的機(jī)械加工設(shè)備的車床中普通車床占了很大比例。這已經(jīng)越來(lái)越制約著當(dāng)今工業(yè)的發(fā)展。而數(shù)控機(jī)床由于價(jià)格昂貴，且需要較高技術(shù)的加工工人。所以對(duì)機(jī)床進(jìn)行自動(dòng)化改造很是必要。本篇論文是在對(duì)普通臥式車床C6150的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)其進(jìn)行自動(dòng)化改造。
作者在搜索、查閱研究大量有關(guān)資料的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)機(jī)床自動(dòng)化改造技術(shù)進(jìn)行了深入的研究和分析，并描述了機(jī)床控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)。整個(gè)改造過(guò)程主要對(duì)車床縱、橫向進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行改造，選用自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)位刀架，由脈沖發(fā)生器來(lái)加工所需要的螺紋。整個(gè)控制系統(tǒng)以8031型號(hào)的單片機(jī)為中心，通過(guò)編程對(duì)機(jī)床的驅(qū)動(dòng)設(shè)備進(jìn)行控制以達(dá)到所需要的加工程度。

關(guān)鍵詞：

機(jī)床改造； 自動(dòng)化機(jī)床； 控制系統(tǒng)

ABSTRACT

With the development of industry equipment, the precision required of industry equipment is more and more high. The more and more precision of equipment which machined the industry equipment is required. But in China the common lathe have a very great comparison in the machined equipment, this already restrict the development of industrial nowadays. But the CN lathe is more expensive, and needed workers with higher technically. So it is a necessity very much to modify the common lathe to lathes automatic. This paper is in the foundation of the commonness horizontal lather C6150 and modified it to Lathes automatic.
The author has performed the further research and for the lathes automatic modification on the basis of the constant consultation of abundant relative documents, which focuses on describing the design of control of the machine. The main to modify the lathe is to modify the portrait, horizontal enter to the system in the Whole modification process and choose the automatic knife rest and be processed the thread need by pulser. The whole control system with the CPU of 8031 is to control the machine for center, through a plait distance drive tool machine an equipments to carry on control to attain need of process degree.

Key words:
Machinery Tool Reform； Lathes automatic； Servo system
  
   
 

目    錄

第1章  緒論 1
1.1數(shù)控機(jī)床與數(shù)控技術(shù) 1
1.1.1數(shù)控機(jī)床與發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 1
1.1.2數(shù)控技術(shù) 2
1.1.3數(shù)控技術(shù)發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 4
1.1.4數(shù)控機(jī)床目前在工業(yè)中的地位 6
1.2數(shù)控改造的必要性 6
1.2.1機(jī)床與生產(chǎn)線數(shù)控化改造的市場(chǎng) 7
1.2.2機(jī)床數(shù)控化改造的必要性 7
1.3數(shù)控化改造的內(nèi)容及優(yōu)缺 8
1.4對(duì)我國(guó)數(shù)控技術(shù)和產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略見(jiàn)解 10
1.4.1形勢(shì)考慮 10
1.4.2發(fā)展策略 10
1.5本文的選題及主要研究?jī)?nèi)容 11
1.5.1本文的選題 11
1.5.2主要研究?jī)?nèi)容 11
第2章 數(shù)控車床總體改造方案及機(jī)械部分設(shè)計(jì) 13
2.1設(shè)計(jì)要求 13
2.1.1設(shè)計(jì)基本思路 13
2.1.2改造方案的確定 13
2.1.3設(shè)計(jì)目的 13
2.1.4總體方案設(shè)計(jì) 15
2.2滾珠絲杠的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算與選用 15
2.2.1滾珠絲杠 15
2.2.2縱向滾珠絲杠的設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算 16
2.2.3橫向滾珠絲杠的設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算 24
2.2.4滾珠絲杠的安裝與使用 32
2.3電機(jī)與滾珠絲杠連接用一級(jí)減速齒輪的設(shè)計(jì)與校核 34
2.3.1齒輪傳動(dòng) 34
2.3.2縱向減速齒輪的設(shè)計(jì)與校核 35
2.3.3橫向減速齒輪的設(shè)計(jì)與校核 39
2.4進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)的步進(jìn)電動(dòng)機(jī)的計(jì)算與選擇 42
2.4.1步進(jìn)電動(dòng)機(jī) 42
2.4.2縱向電機(jī)的計(jì)算與選擇 44
2.4.3橫向電機(jī)的計(jì)算與選擇 47
2.5電動(dòng)刀架選擇與介紹 50
第3章 主軸脈沖發(fā)生器介紹與選型 52
3.1光電編碼器原理 52
3.2主軸脈沖發(fā)生器的安裝 53
3.3主軸脈沖發(fā)生器的選擇 53
第4章 普通車床自動(dòng)化改造的單片機(jī)控制 56
4.1系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 56
4.2用單片機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)電路 58
4.2.1存儲(chǔ)器擴(kuò)張電路 58
4.2.2面板操作鍵和功能選擇開(kāi)關(guān) 61
4.2.3功能選擇開(kāi)關(guān) 62
4.2.4鍵盤、顯示器接口電路 63
4.2.5步進(jìn)電動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)電路設(shè)計(jì) 64
4.2.6 M.S.T接口 67
4.2.7輔助電路設(shè)計(jì) 67
第5章 小結(jié) 69
參考文獻(xiàn) 70
英文原文 71
中文譯文 76
致  謝 81