基于單片機(jī)的點(diǎn)陣式時(shí)鐘電子顯示屏設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)

摘要：電子時(shí)鐘，它最大的特點(diǎn)在于走時(shí)精確和功能的多樣化，為我們帶來(lái)了極大的方便。而LED點(diǎn)陣式顯示屏，具有亮度高、功耗小、壽命長(zhǎng)等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。若以LED點(diǎn)陣來(lái)作為電子時(shí)鐘的顯示屏，則可實(shí)現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)距離、大視角的時(shí)鐘顯示。從而非常適合于在公共場(chǎng)所中顯示時(shí)間。
本設(shè)計(jì)的重點(diǎn)在于對(duì)點(diǎn)陣式顯示屏的顯示研究。從宏觀上來(lái)上，顯示屏可分為兩個(gè)部份：顯示器件和微控制器。由微控制器控制顯示器件的亮滅、顏色變化，從而組合出所需要的圖相。在此次設(shè)計(jì)中，采用了16 x 64 個(gè)單色LED作為顯示器件，用Mega8作為微控制器，以靜止和左移的方式進(jìn)行時(shí)鐘顯示。由于充分考慮了軟硬件的易擴(kuò)充性，用本設(shè)計(jì)的構(gòu)架思想可很方便地進(jìn)行點(diǎn)陣擴(kuò)充和多個(gè)漢字或圖形的顯示。
設(shè)計(jì)中所涉及的知識(shí)點(diǎn)主要有：點(diǎn)陣顯示原理，字模提取，顯示左移算法的實(shí)現(xiàn)，單片機(jī)Meg8和編譯器IAR的使用。以及在軟硬件設(shè)計(jì)調(diào)試過(guò)程中的各種現(xiàn)象及解決方案。

關(guān)鍵詞: 電子時(shí)鐘；點(diǎn)陣顯示原理； LED點(diǎn)陣；單片機(jī)； Mega8；IAR；74HC154；74HC595；

Design and Implementation of Dot-matrix Clock
Display Screen
Abstract: Electronic clock system, which features that time is very accurate and function are diversity, brought us great convenience.otherwise,The LED dot matrix have advantage of high brightness, low power consumption, long lifetime etc. If use LED dot matrix as screen to display electronic clock, can achieve long-range, large angle of the clock display effect.Thus very suitable to display the time in public places.
    This design focuses on the display of dot matrix .Look from the macro, the design can be divided into two parts: the screen part and microcontroller part. The micro-controller control the Leds off and on. In this design, using  16 x 64 monochrome LED as the display screen, using Mega8 as micro-controller,We can get an effect of static display and left-move display.As full consideration to the ease Expansion of hardware and software , the framework of ideas can be easily expanded to dispaly a large number of Chinese characters or expanded to more dot-matrix Led screen
    The knowledge involved in this design are: dot matrix display principle, font data extraction, left-move showe algorithm, Meg8 and the use of IAR compiler.And the solutions to problem Encountered in the process of debugging software and hardware.
Keywords: electronic clock; dot matrix display principle; LED dot matrix; SCM; Mega8; IAR; 74HC154; 74HC595;

 
目    錄
摘要
Abstract  
引 言...............................................................................................................................1
第1章  設(shè)計(jì)要求與總體方案.....................................................................................2
1.1 設(shè)計(jì)要求..........................................................................................................2
1.2 設(shè)計(jì)目的..........................................................................................................2
1.3 總體思路..........................................................................................................2
1.4 方案..................................................................................................................2
第2章 單片機(jī)的相關(guān)介紹...........................................................................................4
2.1 單片機(jī)的發(fā)展歷史..........................................................................................4
2.2 單片機(jī)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)..........................................................................................5
2.3 單片機(jī)的特點(diǎn)..................................................................................................8
2.4 單片機(jī)的應(yīng)用..................................................................................................9
2.5 單片機(jī)的基本系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)..................................................................................10
第3章 硬件設(shè)計(jì)...........................................................................................................11
3.1 硬件部分總體框架..........................................................................................11
3. 2 單片機(jī)Mega8簡(jiǎn)介.........................................................................................11
        3. 2. 1  AVR Mega8的主要性能參數(shù)..........................................................11
        3.2.2  Mega8引腳說(shuō)明...............................................................................12
        3. 2. 3  Mega8最小系統(tǒng)電路計(jì)...................................................................14
3.3 其它芯片簡(jiǎn)介..................................................................................................15
 3. 3. 1  74HC595簡(jiǎn)介....................................................................................15
 3. 3. 2  74HC154簡(jiǎn)介....................................................................................16
3. 4  漢字字模提取................................................................................................16
        3. 4. 1  16*16點(diǎn)陣漢字的字模提取............................................................16
        3. 4. 2  16*8點(diǎn)陣的數(shù)字字模提取..............................................................17
   3. 5  16*64LED點(diǎn)陣的結(jié)構(gòu)及顯示原理...............................................................18
   3. 6  16*64 LED點(diǎn)陣驅(qū)動(dòng)原理..............................................................................19
第4章 軟件設(shè)計(jì)............................................................................................................20
    4.1　編程語(yǔ)言選擇................................................................................................20
    4. 2  程序設(shè)計(jì)與流程圖........................................................................................20
4.2.1  主程序.................................................................................................20
4.2.2  中斷處理程序.....................................................................................21
4.2.3  按鍵讀取程序.....................................................................................23
4.3.4  按鍵處理程序.....................................................................................26
        4. 2. 5  正常/調(diào)分/調(diào)時(shí)顯示程序..................................................................28
        4. 2. 6  調(diào)速顯示、左移顯示程序................................................................30
        4. 2. 7  時(shí)間處理程序....................................................................................35
第5章 調(diào)試過(guò)程及相關(guān)問(wèn)題的處理............................................................................37
 5.1 開發(fā)工具.........................................................................................................37
 5.1.1 IAR集成開發(fā)環(huán)境 ...........................................................................37
 5.1.2 AVR_fighter編程下載軟件和下載器的制作.................................41
 5.1.3 Protenus單片機(jī)仿真軟件................................................................42
 5.2 調(diào)試步驟.........................................................................................................44
 5.2.1 Proteus硬件電路圖繪制..................................................................44
 5.2.2 IAR avr程序設(shè)計(jì)流程......................................................................45
 5.2.3 觀察仿真結(jié)果.....................................................................................45
第6章 PCB設(shè)計(jì).............................................................................................................49
     6. 1  Protel99 設(shè)計(jì)PCB的一般流程.................................................................49
     6. 2  PCB相關(guān)設(shè)計(jì)圖..........................................................................................49
         6. 2. 1  PCB原理圖......................................................................................50
         6. 2. 2  PCB圖..............................................................................................51
         6. 2. 3  PCB 3D圖........................................................................................52      
小結(jié)...................................................................................................................................53
致謝...................................................................................................................................54
參考文獻(xiàn)............................................................................................................................55