基于PLC雙速六層電梯的控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)



摘   要


隨著城市建設(shè)的不斷發(fā)展，高層建筑越來越多。電梯作為現(xiàn)代高層建筑物中直上直下運(yùn)行的交通工具已與人們的日常生活有著密切的聯(lián)系。最初繼電器邏輯控制電路被廣泛應(yīng)用在電梯控制系統(tǒng)，這樣既容易出現(xiàn)故障，安裝后維護(hù)又不方便，不僅電梯的使用壽命短，而且需要較大的空間來放置，這樣的電梯控制系統(tǒng)正逐步被淘汰。

本文設(shè)計(jì)一套以可編程控制器為控制核心的電梯控制系統(tǒng)，來代替繼電器邏輯控制系統(tǒng)，這樣不僅能提高工作效率，而且能夠增加電梯的使用壽命和穩(wěn)定性。系統(tǒng)的核心部分（控制部分）使用了西門子S7-300PLC，完成了門動作、內(nèi)選、外呼、樓層顯示、停層、選向及運(yùn)行回路的設(shè)計(jì)；為了使電機(jī)平穩(wěn)操作，系統(tǒng)精確控制以及提高電梯運(yùn)行時(shí)的舒適感，這都需要正確合理地設(shè)置變極參數(shù)來實(shí)現(xiàn)。因?yàn)榭删幊炭刂破鞑捎玫氖浅绦蚩刂?，軟接線，這使電梯出現(xiàn)故障的機(jī)率大大降低，也對電梯的檢修帶來了很大的方便。同時(shí)還能減少組建以繼電器邏輯控制系統(tǒng)時(shí)手動操作失誤和干擾。因此以可編程控制器為控制核心的電梯控制系統(tǒng)取得了良好的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會效益，正逐步取代用繼電器邏輯控制系統(tǒng)的電梯。

關(guān)鍵詞：PLC；電梯；邏輯控制；程序設(shè)計(jì)

Abstract


With the continuous development of urban construction, more and more high-rise buildings. As a modern high-rise buildings in the elevator straight up and down operation of transport and people's daily life has been closely linked. Original relay logic control circuits are widely used in elevator control system, so that both prone to failure, after the installation maintenance and inconvenient, not only the short life of the elevator, but also more room to place, so that the elevator control system is gradually be eliminated.

 This paper designs a set of programmable logic controller to control the core of the elevator control system to replace the relay logic control system, so that can not only improve efficiency, but also can increase the life of the lift and stability. Core of the system (control part) using the Siemens S7-300PLC, completed the door movement, the election, outgoing calls, floor show, stop layer, the selection and operation of the circuit design; to make the motor smooth operation and precise control system enhance comfort when the elevator is running, it needs to correctly set reasonable parameters to achieve the Pole. Programmable controller was used as a procedural control, soft wire, which makes the elevator greatly reduce the probability of failure, but also the maintenance of the elevator is a big convenience. While reducing set up to relay logic control system manual errors and interference. Therefore, a programmable controller to control the core of the elevator control system has achieved good economic and social benefits, is gradually replacing the relay logic control system with elevator.

Keywords: PLC; elevator; logic control; programming

 

目  錄


緒  論 1

第一章 電梯概述 2

1.1 電梯的發(fā)展簡史 2

1.2 國內(nèi)外電梯的發(fā)展情況 2

1.3 PLC的設(shè)計(jì)優(yōu)勢 3

1.3.1 可編程控制器與繼電器控制系統(tǒng)的比較 3

1.3.2 PLC的優(yōu)點(diǎn) 3

第二章 電梯的基礎(chǔ)知識 5

2.1電梯的運(yùn)行工作情況 5

2.2電梯控制系統(tǒng)的組成 5

2.2.1機(jī)房部分 6

2.2.2 井道及底坑部分 6

2.2.3 圍壁部分 7

2.2.4 層站部分 7

2.2.5 曳引系統(tǒng) 7

2.2.6 導(dǎo)向系統(tǒng) 7

2.2.7 門系統(tǒng) 8

2.2.8 轎廂 8

2.3電梯的分類 8

2.3.1 按用途分 8

2.3.2. 按速度分 9

2.3.3. 按拖動方式分 9

第三章PLC可編程序控制器介紹 10

3.1 PLC的工作方式 10

3.1.1 PLC掃描工作方式： 10

3.1.2. PLC的程序執(zhí)行過程 10

3.1.3. PLC的掃描周期 11

3.1.4. PLC的I／O響應(yīng)時(shí)間 11

3.2 PLC的編程語言 11

3.3可編程序控制器與繼電器控制的區(qū)別 11

第四章PLC控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) 13

4.1電梯控制要求 13

4.2電梯的PLC控制流程 13

4.3電梯PLC的I/O點(diǎn) 14

4.3.1 PLC的I/O點(diǎn)數(shù) 14

4.3.2 PLC的硬件接線圖 16

4.4電梯各主要部分PLC梯形圖設(shè)計(jì) 16

4.4.1樓層感應(yīng)梯形圖設(shè)計(jì) 16

4.4.2轎廂內(nèi)指令及門廳召喚控制的梯形圖設(shè)計(jì) 18

4.4.3電梯選向控制的梯形圖設(shè)計(jì) 21

4.4.4電梯換速的梯形圖設(shè)計(jì) 22

4.4.5電梯的起動與平層的梯形圖設(shè)計(jì) 23

第五章 西門子S7-PLCSIM仿真軟件仿真 25

5.1 PLC硬件組態(tài) 25

5.2對PLC各主要部分的仿真 25

5.2.1樓層感應(yīng)梯形圖的仿真 26

5.2.2轎箱內(nèi)指令控制梯形圖的仿真 27

5.2.3 門廳控制梯形圖的仿真 28

5.2.4 電梯選向控制梯形圖仿真 29

5.2.5 電梯換速梯形圖仿真 31

5.2.6 電梯起動梯形圖仿真 32

結(jié)  論 33

設(shè)計(jì)體會 34

致   謝 35

參考文獻(xiàn) 36