摘 要

20世紀(jì)末，電子技術(shù)獲得了飛速的發(fā)展，在其推動(dòng)下，現(xiàn)代電子產(chǎn)品幾乎滲透了社會(huì)的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域，有力地推動(dòng)了社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展和社會(huì)信息化程度的提高，同時(shí)也使現(xiàn)代電子產(chǎn)品性能進(jìn)一步提高，產(chǎn)品更新?lián)Q代的節(jié)奏也越來(lái)越快。
現(xiàn)代生活的人們?cè)絹?lái)越重視起了時(shí)間觀念，可以說(shuō)是時(shí)間和金錢劃上了等號(hào)。對(duì)于那些對(duì)時(shí)間把握非常嚴(yán)格和準(zhǔn)確的人或事來(lái)說(shuō)，時(shí)間的不準(zhǔn)確會(huì)帶來(lái)非常大的麻煩，所以以數(shù)碼管為顯示器的時(shí)鐘比指針式的時(shí)鐘表現(xiàn)出了很大的優(yōu)勢(shì)。數(shù)碼管顯示的時(shí)間簡(jiǎn)單明了而且讀數(shù)快、時(shí)間準(zhǔn)確顯示到秒。而機(jī)械式的依賴于晶體震蕩器，可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致誤差。
數(shù)字鐘是采用數(shù)字電路實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)“時(shí)”、“分”、“秒”數(shù)字顯示的計(jì)時(shí)裝置。數(shù)字鐘的精度、穩(wěn)定度遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)老式機(jī)械鐘。在這次設(shè)計(jì)中，我們采用LED數(shù)碼管顯示時(shí)、分、秒，以24小時(shí)計(jì)時(shí)方式，根據(jù)數(shù)碼管動(dòng)態(tài)顯示原理來(lái)進(jìn)行顯示，用12MHz的晶振產(chǎn)生振蕩脈沖，定時(shí)器計(jì)數(shù)。在此次設(shè)計(jì)中，電路具有顯示時(shí)間的其本功能，還可以實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)時(shí)間的調(diào)整。數(shù)字鐘是其小巧，價(jià)格低廉，走時(shí)精度高，使用方便，功能多，便于集成化而受廣大消費(fèi)的喜愛(ài)，因此得到了廣泛的使用。
關(guān)鍵字：數(shù)字電子鐘 單片機(jī)


Abstract
At the end of the 20th century, electronic technology has experienced rapid growth, the modern electronic products, almost permeated the various sectors of society, and promoted the development of social productive forces and the social informatization level, but also improve the modern electronic products to further improve the performance, product update rhythm also more and more quickly.
Modern life of people pay more and more attention to the concept of time, money and time on the hospital. For those in time and accurately grasp the very strict about or inaccurate, time will bring great trouble, so as to displays clock digital tube than the pointer clock showed a lot of advantages. Digital pipe display time is simple and accurate readings, time to seconds. And mechanical dependent on crystal oscillators, may cause errors.
A digital clock is used in digital circuit ", "" points" and "second" digital display timer. A digital clock accuracy and stability than old mechanical clock. In this design, we adopt LED digital display tube, minutes and seconds, when in 24 hours time, according to the principle of dynamic display of digital tube to show, with the crystals 12MHz produce oscillation pulses, timer count. In this design, the circuit has its time, still can realize the function of the time. A digital clock is its small, inexpensive, high precision, easy to use and when, the function is much, facilitate integration by vast consumption, so it has been widely used.
Key words: digital electric clock microcontroller

目 錄
第一章 緒論
1.1 數(shù)字電子鐘的背景…………………………………………………………………5
1.2 數(shù)字電子鐘的意義…………………………………………………………………5
1.3 數(shù)字電子鐘的應(yīng)用…………………………………………………………………5
第二章 整體設(shè)計(jì)方案
2.1 單片機(jī)的選擇…………………………………………………………………………2
2.2 單片機(jī)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)……………………………………………………………………4
第三章 數(shù)字鐘的硬件設(shè)計(jì)
3.1 最小系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)…………………………………………………………………………12
3.2 LED顯示電路…………………………………………………………………………14
3.3 鍵盤控制電路…………………………………………………………………………16
第四章 數(shù)字鐘的軟件設(shè)計(jì)
4.1 系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì)流程圖…………………………………………………………………18
4.2 數(shù)字電子鐘的原理圖…………………………………………………………………22
4.3中斷子程序 ……………………………………………………………………………23
4.4 延時(shí)子程序……………………………………………………………………………23
4.5 主程序和定時(shí)器中斷子程序…………………………………………………………23
4.6 LED顯示子程序………………………………………………………………………24
4.7 按鍵控制子程序………………………………………………………………………26
第五章 系統(tǒng)仿真
5.1 PROTUES軟件介紹……………………………………………………………………29
5.2 電子鐘系統(tǒng)PROTUES仿真……………………………………………………………29
第六章 調(diào)試與功能說(shuō)明
6.1 系統(tǒng)性能測(cè)試與功能說(shuō)明……………………………………………………………30
6.2 系統(tǒng)時(shí)鐘誤差分析……………………………………………………………………30
6.3 軟件調(diào)試問(wèn)題及解決…………………………………………………………………30
結(jié)束語(yǔ). ………………………………………………………………………………………31
參考文獻(xiàn)………………………………………………………………………………………32
致謝……………………………………………………………………………………………33