摘 要

2000年以來(lái)，隨著中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展，人民生活水平的迅速提高，中國(guó)逐漸步入“汽車(chē)社會(huì)”，酒后駕車(chē)行為所造成事故越來(lái)越多，對(duì)社會(huì)的影響也越來(lái)越大，酒精正在成為越來(lái)越兇殘的“馬路殺手”。據(jù)有關(guān)資料統(tǒng)計(jì)，全世界每年因車(chē)禍喪生的人數(shù)就超過(guò)60萬(wàn)人，留下永久性傷殘者在400萬(wàn)以上，一般受傷者則不計(jì)其數(shù)。在許多國(guó)家，車(chē)禍已成為第一位意外死亡原因。
此外，因?yàn)榻煌ㄊ鹿试斐傻慕?jīng)濟(jì)損失也相當(dāng)驚人。據(jù)事故調(diào)查統(tǒng)計(jì)，大約50%—60%的車(chē)禍與飲酒有關(guān)。中國(guó)公安部門(mén)在2009年8月，在全國(guó)各地加強(qiáng)查處酒后駕駛的力度，以減少由酒后駕駛造成的惡性交通事故。要查處就涉及到檢測(cè)人體內(nèi)的酒精含量和使用設(shè)備來(lái)進(jìn)行檢測(cè)的問(wèn)題。
本文研究設(shè)計(jì)了一種用于公共場(chǎng)所具有檢測(cè)及超限報(bào)警功能的酒精濃度智能測(cè)試儀。其設(shè)計(jì)方案基于89C51單片機(jī)，MQ3酒精濃度傳感器。系統(tǒng)將傳感器輸出的4~20mA的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)信號(hào)通過(guò)以AD0832為核心的A/D轉(zhuǎn)換電路調(diào)理后，經(jīng)由單片機(jī)進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理，最后由LCD顯示酒精濃度值。文中詳細(xì)介紹了數(shù)據(jù)采集子系統(tǒng)、數(shù)據(jù)處理過(guò)程以及數(shù)據(jù)顯示子系統(tǒng)和報(bào)警電路的設(shè)計(jì)方法和過(guò)程。系統(tǒng)對(duì)于采樣地點(diǎn)超出規(guī)定的酒精濃度時(shí)二極管報(bào)警電路提醒監(jiān)測(cè)人員。同時(shí)，操作人員對(duì)于具體報(bào)警點(diǎn)的上限值可以通過(guò)單片機(jī)編程進(jìn)行設(shè)置。
關(guān)鍵詞：酒精濃度傳感器（MQ3）；MCU；A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器；軟件設(shè)計(jì)；硬件設(shè)計(jì)


Abstract

Since 2000, with China's rapid economic development and the rapid increase people's living standard, China has gradually stepped into "car society", drink driving accident caused by more and more impact on society is also growing, Alcohol is becoming more and more brutal "killers." According to statistics, the worldwide number of people killed in road accidents every year on more than 60 million people, left with permanent disability of 400 million or more, usually the injured were numerous. In many countries, traffic accidents have become the first cause of accidental deaths.
In addition, the economic losses caused by the accident is quite amazing. Accident investigation, according to statistics, about 50% -60% of car accidents and alcohol-related. China’s Ministry of Public Security in August 2009, around the country to strengthen efforts to investigate and deal with drink driving, to reduce the drink driving accident caused by the vicious. To investigate the human body involving the detection of alcohol and use of equipment to detect problems.
In this paper, design a public place for the detection and limit alarm functions with an alcohol concentration of intelligent tester. This design,based on STC89C51 microcontroller and MQ3 alcohol concentration sensor. System sensor output 4 ~ 20mA standard signal through AD0832 core A / D converter circuit, after conditioning, data processing by the MCU, the final alcohol concentration value from the LCD display. This paper describes the data acquisition subsystem, data processing and data display subsystem and alarm circuit design methods and processes. System requirements for the sampling sites exceeding the alcohol concentration diode reminder alarm circuit monitors. Meanwhile, the operator specific alarm point for the upper limit set by MCU programming. Alcohol tester will bring a driving signal prior to a safe

Key words:Alcohol concentration sensor (MQ3); STC85C52 MUC; A / D converter; Software design;Hardware design


目 錄
引言 1
1. 緒論 2
1.1 酒精濃度檢測(cè)儀開(kāi)發(fā)背景 2
1.2 酒精濃度檢測(cè)儀的發(fā)展 2
1.3 酒精濃度檢測(cè)儀設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容 2
2. 方案器件簡(jiǎn)介 3
2.1 MCU選擇的簡(jiǎn)介 3
2.2 數(shù)模轉(zhuǎn)換器的簡(jiǎn)介 5
2.3 時(shí)鐘芯片的簡(jiǎn)介 7
2.4 液晶顯示器的簡(jiǎn)介 8
3 總體方案設(shè)計(jì) 9
3.1 STC89C52單片機(jī) 9
3.2 ADC0832數(shù)模轉(zhuǎn)換 10
3.3 AT24C02存儲(chǔ)器 10
3.4 LCD1602液晶顯示 10
3.5 編譯軟件介紹 12
4 硬件設(shè)計(jì) 13
4.1 最小系統(tǒng)的實(shí)現(xiàn) 13
4.2 數(shù)據(jù)采集設(shè)計(jì) 15
4.3 A/D轉(zhuǎn)換設(shè)計(jì) 16
4.4 按鍵設(shè)計(jì) 16
4.5 外圍擴(kuò)充存儲(chǔ)器電路 17
4.6 時(shí)鐘芯片電路 18
4.7 LCD1602液晶顯示設(shè)計(jì) 19
4.8 報(bào)警設(shè)計(jì) 21
4.9 電源電路設(shè)計(jì) 22
5. 軟件設(shè)計(jì) 22
5.1 編譯語(yǔ)言的選擇 22
5.2 主程序模塊 23
5.3 A/D轉(zhuǎn)換模塊 23
5.4 按鍵輸入模塊 24
5.5 時(shí)鐘模塊 24
5.6 液晶顯示輸出模塊 26
5.7 外圍存儲(chǔ)模塊 27
6. 系統(tǒng)調(diào)試 28
6.1 系統(tǒng)硬件調(diào)試 28
6.1.1元器件的焊接 28
6.1.2電路測(cè)試 28
6.2 系統(tǒng)軟件調(diào)試 29
6.3 系統(tǒng)整體調(diào)試 29
7. 結(jié)束語(yǔ) 29
謝 辭 31
參考文獻(xiàn) 32
附 錄 33
附錄一 硬件設(shè)計(jì)仿真圖 33
附錄二 硬件設(shè)計(jì)原理圖和PCB圖 34
附錄三 檢測(cè)程序 35