摘 要 …………………………………………………………………………………2
ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………………3
導(dǎo) 論 …………………………………………………………………………………4
（一）選題的背景及研究意義……………………………………………………4
（二）國(guó)內(nèi)外文獻(xiàn)綜述……………………………………………………………5
一、民工荒的基本內(nèi)涵………………………………………………………………6
二、民工荒的現(xiàn)狀……………………………………………………………………7
（一）企業(yè)招工難問題已成為全國(guó)普遍性問題…………………………………7
（二）“民工荒”主要特征…………………………………………………8
（三）“民工荒”向內(nèi)地蔓延加快………………………………………………9
三、“民工荒” 產(chǎn)生的原因分析 …………………………………………………9
（一）企業(yè)用工需求與勞動(dòng)力供給………………………………………………9
（二）民工荒的產(chǎn)生與企業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)機(jī)制………………………………………9
（三）我國(guó)粗放型經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)方式下勞動(dòng)用工特點(diǎn)………………………………10
（四）中國(guó)特殊的二元社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)與“民工荒”產(chǎn)生的社會(huì)因素………………11
四、積極應(yīng)對(duì)“民工荒”的建設(shè)性意見……………………………………………12
（一）從企業(yè)的角度出發(fā)解決“民工荒”問題…………………………………12
(二) 從政府的角度出發(fā)解決“民工荒”問題…………………………………13

結(jié)束語(yǔ) ………………………………………………………………………………16
致 謝 …………………………………………………………………………………17
參考文獻(xiàn) ……………………………………………………………………………18







摘 要

在我國(guó)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中，農(nóng)民工作為一支新興的勞動(dòng)大軍發(fā)揮著越來越重要的作用。在經(jīng)歷了多年“民工潮”后，如今卻出現(xiàn)了大逆轉(zhuǎn)，產(chǎn)生了“民工荒”。 “民工荒”的形成，企業(yè)的短期行為是其直接原因；當(dāng)前宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)和新的二元社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)是導(dǎo)致“民工荒”的深層次原因。進(jìn)入2009年，“民工荒”所演變的農(nóng)民工就業(yè)出現(xiàn)了新的變化。一方面企業(yè)改善薪資待遇，改善工作環(huán)境卻依然無法滿足企業(yè)的用工需求；而另一方面，農(nóng)民工的專場(chǎng)招聘會(huì)又存在大量等待尋找工作的農(nóng)民工。企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)需求招不到工人和農(nóng)民工的大量失業(yè)，這兩者已經(jīng)成為勞動(dòng)力供給與需求的雙重矛盾。為避免“民工荒”及其擴(kuò)大性蔓延，政府必須采取相應(yīng)的對(duì)策措施，處理當(dāng)前勞工供求不均衡的現(xiàn)象。
“民工荒”全面暴露了農(nóng)民工進(jìn)城務(wù)工環(huán)境的嚴(yán)重惡化，凸顯現(xiàn)行的收入分配、勞動(dòng)保障、戶籍管理、就業(yè)選舉、教育培訓(xùn)等制度，已經(jīng)成為阻礙農(nóng)業(yè)剩余勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移的實(shí)質(zhì)性因素。在統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展的新的歷史階段，必須把全面促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)剩余勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移作為國(guó)家發(fā)展的重大戰(zhàn)略，立足于給予農(nóng)民工以國(guó)民待遇，著力破解農(nóng)民市民化的制度性障礙，建設(shè)城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)一的勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)，走壯大縣域?yàn)橹攸c(diǎn)的多元化城鎮(zhèn)化路徑，努力提高農(nóng)業(yè)勞動(dòng)者素質(zhì)，建立適應(yīng)農(nóng)民工特點(diǎn)的勞動(dòng)和社會(huì)保障體系，依法保護(hù)農(nóng)民工的經(jīng)濟(jì)政治權(quán)益，促進(jìn)農(nóng)村土地使用權(quán)的流轉(zhuǎn)，構(gòu)建適合中國(guó)國(guó)情的農(nóng)業(yè)剩余勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移新模式，從而推動(dòng)國(guó)家工業(yè)化、城市化和現(xiàn)代化目標(biāo)的順利實(shí)現(xiàn)。

關(guān)鍵詞：民工荒；戶籍制度；經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)模式 ；社會(huì)保障

ABSTRACT
In our national economy, the farmers work as an emerging labor force playing an increasingly important role. After years of "Flood", and today have seen a major reversal, resulting in a "shortage of migrant workers." "Shortage" the formation of short-term behavior of enterprises is the direct cause; the current macroeconomic situation and the new dual social structure lead to "Shortage" the deep-seated reasons. Into 2009, "Labor Shortage" the evolution of the employment of migrant workers there are new changes. Enterprises to improve their salary on the one hand, improve the working environment is still unable to meet the employment needs of the enterprise; and on the other hand, the special recruitment of migrant workers and there are a lot of migrant workers waiting to find a job. The production needs of workers and not hire a large number of unemployed migrant workers, both labor supply and demand has become a double contradiction. In order to avoid "labor shortage" and expand the nature of the spread, the Government must take appropriate countermeasures to deal with the current labor supply and demand imbalance.
"Shortage" full of migrant farm workers exposed to serious deterioration of the environment, highlighting the existing income distribution, labor and social security, household management, employment, voting, education and training system has become an obstacle to the transfer of agricultural surplus labor force in the substantive factors. Urban and rural development in the new historical stage, have to fully promote the transfer of agricultural surplus labor as a major strategic development of the country, based on the granting national treatment to migrant workers, efforts to crack Farmers of the institutional barriers and building a unified labor market and take the focus on expanding the diversity of county urbanization path, and strive to improve the quality of agricultural laborers, and establishing a rural migrant workers in the labor and social security system to protect the economic and political rights of migrant workers, rural land use right, building suitable for China's new mo..