新型稻麥割前脫粒聯(lián)合收割機(jī)

目錄

[摘要] 1
引言 3
1方案的總體設(shè)計(jì) 3
1.1新型稻麥割前脫粒聯(lián)合收割機(jī)總體結(jié)構(gòu) 3
1.2自吸式復(fù)合滾筒稻麥割前脫粒裝置的配置及組成 3
2主要部件設(shè)計(jì) 4
2.1“脫粒-割桿”一體化技術(shù)方案 4
2.2自吸式復(fù)合滾筒稻麥割前脫粒裝置設(shè)計(jì) 5
2.3 自吸式復(fù)合滾筒稻麥割前脫粒裝置懸掛架設(shè)計(jì) 10
2.4 后架設(shè)計(jì) 11
3 總裝配設(shè)計(jì) 14
參考文獻(xiàn) 15

 
新型稻麥割前脫粒聯(lián)合收割機(jī)
[摘要]玉米是我國三大糧食作物之一，是優(yōu)質(zhì)飼料和重要的工業(yè)原料，同時(shí)玉米秸稈還是畜牧業(yè)的重要飼料。目前我國小麥已基本實(shí)現(xiàn)了生產(chǎn)過程的機(jī)械化，但是玉米的機(jī)收面積卻不足5%，而且玉米收獲后產(chǎn)生的大量玉米秸稈還沒有得到有效的利用和解決，這成為玉米生產(chǎn)過程的瓶頸和難點(diǎn)。因此，研制一種新型穗莖兼收型玉米聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)，既適應(yīng)農(nóng)民傳統(tǒng)收獲玉米的習(xí)慣，又增加了莖稈青貯收獲，使農(nóng)民增產(chǎn)增收。
隨著我國農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整和畜牧業(yè)的發(fā)展，穗莖兼收型玉米聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)成為發(fā)展熱點(diǎn)。穗莖兼收型背負(fù)式玉米聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)是與55~80馬力拖拉機(jī)配套，利用拖拉機(jī)的動(dòng)力和行走裝置進(jìn)行作業(yè)，可一次完成玉米的摘穗、集箱、秸稈的切碎回收、旋耕滅茬等作業(yè)。
本課題通過對(duì)現(xiàn)有玉米收獲機(jī)的研究分析，比較其優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，設(shè)計(jì)出一種性能可靠、結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、布局合理的背負(fù)式穗莖兼收型玉米聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)。該機(jī)采用全新的機(jī)架和傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，果穗升運(yùn)器和秸稈升運(yùn)器上下布置且均采用下刮板，燕尾甩刀位于摘穗輥正下方，該刀前端為切斷部分，后面為切碎部分，秸稈被切碎后首先拋入秸稈升運(yùn)器中，再升運(yùn)至攪龍輸送到拋送器拋送，根茬由位于拖拉機(jī)后方的滅茬機(jī)滅茬。本課題的研究對(duì)推廣玉米收獲機(jī)械化技術(shù)、培育玉米機(jī)收市場(chǎng)和改善農(nóng)牧業(yè)的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)都具有十分重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。
關(guān)鍵詞：農(nóng)業(yè)工程，玉米聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)，穗莖兼收，背負(fù)式，總體設(shè)計(jì)
Abstract
Corn is one of the three main grain crops in our country, it is the high-quality livestock feed and important industry raw material. In the meantime, the corn stalks is also animal husbandry important feed. Currently, in our country, wheat has already completely produced by machine, but the mechanization proportion of the corn production is only 5%. After the corn harvest, a great deal of corn stalks left in the field, which is hard to clean and use effectively. This is the bottleneck and crux of the corn production. Therefore, devising a new type of spike-stalk-reaping corn combine, it is on one hand accord with the traditional harvest habit of Chinese farmers, and increase the silage output of the stalks on the other hand. This new technology can increase the corn production and the farmer’s incomes.
With the adjustment of the agricultural structure and the development of stockbreeding, the corn combine reaping both corn stalk and spike is becoming a hotspot. Spike-stalk-reaping backpack corn combine is equipped with 55~80HP tractors which provide the power and running device. It can finish the steps of snapping and collecting of spike, cutting and retrieving of stalk, rotary tilling at one time.
This research starts on the basis of analyzing the merits and shortcomes of existing corn combine harvesters, is to design a new kind of dependable performance and simple structure and rational layout spike-stalk-reaping backpack corn combine. The combine uses the brand-new rack and the transmission system, cob lift conveyer and straw stalk lift conveyer up and down arrangement, and both use the under drawing template, the dovetail flail knife located at the stripper roller underneath, the front of the knife is cut off part, the other is cut up part, after the straw stalk cuts to pieces, first are tossed into the straw stalk lift conveyer, rises to transport again to stirs dragon and transport to throws delivers throw out, the stubble cleaner is located at behind tractor's to eliminate stubble. The research has very important realistic meaning. It can be used in expanding the corn production mechanization, exploring the corn combine market and improving the industrial structure of agriculture and stockbreeding.

Key words: agriculture engineering, corn combine, spike-stalk-reaping, backpack, total design
引言
玉米是我國第二大糧食作物，其生產(chǎn)對(duì)工農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展起著舉足輕重的作用。但是其生產(chǎn)的機(jī)械化水平卻一直很低，而且產(chǎn)生的大量莖桿也沒有得到有效的利用。因此，急需研制一種集果穗收集和莖桿切碎回收于一體的新型玉米聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)。
長期以來，由于各地區(qū)的玉米種植行距不統(tǒng)一，收獲工藝不同，機(jī)收成本高、機(jī)器可靠性和適應(yīng)性差等諸多因素，嚴(yán)重影響了玉米收獲機(jī)械在我國的推廣使用。因此，研制出適合我國國情的穗莖兼收型玉米聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)具有非常重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。