火災(zāi)報(bào)警控制系統(tǒng)

摘要

隨著現(xiàn)代建筑的不斷增多，火災(zāi)隱患增加，一旦發(fā)生火災(zāi)，將對(duì)人的生命財(cái)產(chǎn)造成極大的危害。現(xiàn)代建筑具有智能化的時(shí)代特征，火災(zāi)自動(dòng)報(bào)譽(yù)系統(tǒng)探測(cè)火災(zāi)隱患，肩負(fù)安全防范重任，在現(xiàn)代智能建筑中起著極其重要的安全保障作用。在工業(yè)和民用建筑、賓館、圖書館、科研和商業(yè)部門，火災(zāi)報(bào)警控制系統(tǒng)己成為必需的裝置。
本論文一共分為七部分介紹。第一部分是緒論；第二部分是火災(zāi)報(bào)警控制系統(tǒng)硬件介紹；第三部分是硬件連接電路設(shè)計(jì)；第四部分是消防聯(lián)動(dòng)控制；第五部分是火災(zāi)報(bào)警控制系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計(jì)；第六部分為技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)分析；第七部分為結(jié)論。
本系統(tǒng)以AT89S51單片機(jī)為核心，采用感溫探測(cè)器與感煙探測(cè)器協(xié)同探測(cè)，當(dāng)有火災(zāi)發(fā)生時(shí)發(fā)出報(bào)警并啟動(dòng)消防聯(lián)動(dòng)遏止火勢(shì)。火災(zāi)報(bào)警控制系統(tǒng)能及時(shí)預(yù)報(bào)早期火災(zāi)，控制相應(yīng)的聯(lián)動(dòng)設(shè)備，在各類建筑中已經(jīng)廣泛使用。但實(shí)際使用中，系統(tǒng)誤報(bào)、故障較多。探測(cè)器的特性決定了它的適用場(chǎng)所，一味的追求新產(chǎn)品、新技術(shù)并不代表能提高系統(tǒng)的可靠性。采用感溫探測(cè)器與感煙探測(cè)器協(xié)同探測(cè)方式，可以進(jìn)一步提高報(bào)警與聯(lián)動(dòng)的可靠性。
關(guān)鍵詞：火災(zāi)探測(cè)器；AT89S51；報(bào)警；聯(lián)動(dòng)

Abstract

In the recent years,increasing of modem buildings leads to frequency of fire.In case of fire,it will make huge damage to human’s life and property.While modern buildings take on smart character, the fire alarm and control system is in charge of detecting and alarming fire in time,safeguarding beings and belongings. The fire alarm and control system has been a necessary setting in industrial and civilian buildings,hotels,libraries,seientifie researehes and business departments.
This thesis includes seven main parts. The first part is an overview; The second part introduces the hardware about the fire alarm and control system;the third part is the hardware circuit design of the fire alarm and control system;the fourth part discusses how to control the fire;the fifth part introduces software design about the fire alarm and control system; the sixth part of this paper is the analysis of economic and technological;the seventh part is the conclusion.
This system as the core of AT89S51, uses thermal detectors and smoke detectors to detect the situation,when the fire broke out, the system makes the alarm atart and control the fire.Fire alarm and control system can forecast fire in time,control corresponding unite to move equipment. It has been used extensively In all kinds of buildings.But in actual, the system false alarm, fault also quite much. The property of detector have decided it’s suitable place,blindly pursue new product and new technology will not represent can raise systematic reliability. The system uses thermal detectors and smoke detectors to detect the situation,can rise further to alarm and unite move reliability.
Key words:fire detector;AT89S51;alarm;control

目錄

0  前言 1
1  概述 2
1.1  選題的背景及意義 2
1.2  國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 3
1.3  本設(shè)計(jì)的內(nèi)容 4
2  硬件介紹 5
2.1  系統(tǒng)框圖 5
2.2  火災(zāi)探測(cè)器 5
2.2.1  火災(zāi)探測(cè)器的種類 5
2.2.2  火災(zāi)探測(cè)器的報(bào)警判斷 8
2.2.3  火災(zāi)探測(cè)器的選擇 11
2.2.4  火災(zāi)探測(cè)器的設(shè)置原則 13
2.3  電路主要芯片簡(jiǎn)介 14
2.3.1  AT89S51 14
2.3.2  ADC0809 15
2.3.3  8255A 16
3  電路設(shè)計(jì) 18
3.1  火災(zāi)探測(cè)器連接電路 18
3.2  矩陣鍵盤連接電路 19
3.3  數(shù)碼管顯示電路 20
3.4  8255A擴(kuò)展電路 22
3.5  打印機(jī)接口電路 24
3.6  執(zhí)行電路 25
3.6.1  固態(tài)繼電器 25
3.6.2  執(zhí)行電路的原理圖 25
3.7  與上位機(jī)的通信 26
3.7.1  通信方式的選擇 26
3.7.2  RS－485協(xié)議簡(jiǎn)介及MAX485芯片介紹 27
3.7.3  RS232-485轉(zhuǎn)換電路 28
3.8  電源模塊 29
3.8.1  集成穩(wěn)壓器的選擇 29
3.8.2  +24V與+5V電源設(shè)計(jì) 30
3.9  電磁兼容（EMC）設(shè)計(jì) 31
3.9.1  電磁兼容（EMC）簡(jiǎn)介 31
3.9.2　硬件抗干擾措施 32
3.9.3  軟件抗干擾措施 33
3.10  系統(tǒng)整體電路圖 35
4  消防聯(lián)動(dòng)控制 36
4.1  自動(dòng)噴水滅火系統(tǒng)的聯(lián)動(dòng)控制 36
4.2  室內(nèi)消火栓系統(tǒng)的聯(lián)動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì) 37
4.3  防排煙系統(tǒng)的聯(lián)動(dòng)控制 40
5　火災(zāi)報(bào)警控制系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計(jì) 42
5.1　火災(zāi)報(bào)警控制系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì)的要求 42
5.2　火災(zāi)報(bào)警系統(tǒng)控制器軟件設(shè)計(jì) 42
5.3　火災(zāi)報(bào)警控制系統(tǒng)探測(cè)器單片機(jī)軟件設(shè)計(jì) 47
5.4　火災(zāi)報(bào)警控制系統(tǒng)矩陣鍵盤軟件設(shè)計(jì) 48
5.5　火災(zāi)報(bào)警控制系統(tǒng)打印機(jī)軟件設(shè)計(jì) 49
5.6  火災(zāi)報(bào)警控制系統(tǒng)與火災(zāi)探測(cè)器通訊軟件設(shè)計(jì) 50
5.7　火災(zāi)報(bào)警控制系統(tǒng)單片機(jī)與上位機(jī)通訊軟件設(shè)計(jì) 52
5.8　火災(zāi)報(bào)警系統(tǒng)人機(jī)交互軟件設(shè)計(jì) 53
6  技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)分析 56
7  結(jié)論 58
致謝 59
參考文獻(xiàn) 60
附錄A 譯文 61
附錄B 外文文獻(xiàn) 69