基于單片機(jī)熱水器溫度控制系統(tǒng)

摘  要
隨著電子技術(shù)的發(fā)展，用計(jì)算機(jī)控制熱水溫度作為一種控制方法，正不斷的完善和發(fā)展，應(yīng)用非常廣泛，具有節(jié)能，節(jié)水，安全，供熱效率高等一系列優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
采用單片機(jī)來(lái)對(duì)溫度進(jìn)行控制，不僅具有控制方便、組態(tài)簡(jiǎn)單和靈活性大等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，而且可以大幅度提高被控溫度的技術(shù)指標(biāo)，從而能夠大大提高產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量和數(shù)量。因此，單片機(jī)對(duì)溫度的控制問(wèn)題是一個(gè)工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中經(jīng)常會(huì)遇到的問(wèn)題。
本設(shè)計(jì)主要解決的問(wèn)題是完成熱水器溫度控制系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計(jì)及軟件設(shè)計(jì)。經(jīng)過(guò)認(rèn)真考慮和分析，最終采用16位單片機(jī)，熱水器可以任意設(shè)置溫度范圍，用PID控制參數(shù)自動(dòng)調(diào)正，具有上下限溫度聲光報(bào)警功能，液位采用四位LED數(shù)碼顯示器顯示，顯示范圍為0.00-99.9C，有停電和漏電保護(hù)功能，停水?dāng)嚯姺栏蔁δ艿鹊取?/p>

關(guān) 鍵 詞：AT89C51；單片機(jī)；溫度；熱水器

ABSTRACT
Along with electronic technology development，Takes one control method with the computer control hot water temperature，The unceasing consummation and the development, the application is extremely widespread, has the energy conservation, saving water, safe, heating efficiency higher a series of merits.
Uses the monolithic integrated circuit to come to the temperature to carry on the control, not only has the control convenient, the configuration simple and the flexibility big and so on the merits, moreover may enhance the accusation temperature large scale the technical specification, thus can enhance the product greatly the quality and quantity. Therefore, the monolithic integrated circuit to the temperature the control question is a question which in an industrial production can meet frequently.
This design main solution question is completes the water heater temperature control system the hardware design and the software design. After considered earnestly with the analysis, finally uses 16 monolithic integrated circuits, the water heater may establish the temperature range willfully, regulates automatically with the PID controlled variable, has the bound temperature acousto-optics to report to the police the function, the fluid position uses four LED numerical code monitor to demonstrate, demonstrated the scope is 0.00-99.9C, has the power cut and the leakage protection function, cuts off the water supply the power failure to guard against parched function and so on.

Keywords: AT89C51；Monolithic integrated circuit; Temperature; Water heater

目  錄
第1章  緒論………………………………………………………………………1　
1.1 熱水器系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)述和總體概述………………………………………………1
1.2 基本功能及性能指標(biāo)………………………………………………………1
1.3 總體論證……………………………………………………………………2
1.3.1控制方法的選擇……………………………………………………………2
1.3.2系統(tǒng)組成……………………………………………………………………3
第2章 硬件系統(tǒng)電路設(shè)計(jì)……………………………………………………4
2.1 單片機(jī)的選擇………………………………………………………………4
2.2  AT89C51的引腳及其主要功能……………………………………………5
2.3 復(fù)位電路—看門(mén)狗X25045…………………………………………………8
2.3.1 概述………………………………………………………………………8
2.3.2 引腳排列及引腳說(shuō)明……………………………………………………8
2.3.3 工作原理…………………………………………………………………9
2.4 集成溫度傳感器AD590……………………………………………………13
2.4.1 AD590溫度-電流傳感器的工作原理……………………………………14
2.4.2 AD590的性能特點(diǎn)…………………………………………………………14
2.5 信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換與放大電路………………………………………………………15
2.6 V/F轉(zhuǎn)換器……………………………………………………………………16
2.6.1 V/F轉(zhuǎn)換器的優(yōu)點(diǎn)…………………………………………………………16
2.6.2性能特點(diǎn)…………………………………………………………………17
2.6.3 內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)與工作原理……………………………………………………17
2.7 行列式鍵盤(pán)與顯示接口……………………………………………………21
2.7.1 行列式鍵盤(pán)工作原理……………………………………………………21
2.7.2 鍵盤(pán)工作方式……………………………………………………………21
2.7.3鍵盤(pán)掃描方式……………………………………………………………21
2.7.4 LED顯示器結(jié)構(gòu)與原理……………………………………………………22
2.7.5 LED顯示方式………………………………………………………………23
2.7.6 譯碼器7447………………………………………………………………23
2.8 執(zhí)行單元—固態(tài)繼電器……………………………………………………24
2.8.1 固態(tài)繼電器的分類(lèi)………………………………………………………24
2.8.2 SSR的結(jié)構(gòu)和工作原理……………………………………………………24
2.8.3 固態(tài)繼電器應(yīng)用中應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題………………………………………25
2.9 漏電保護(hù)器的工作原理和應(yīng)用……………………………………………26
2.9.1 漏電保護(hù)器的工作原理…………………………………………………26
2.9.2 漏電保護(hù)器額定漏電動(dòng)作電流的選擇…………………………………28
2.9.3 漏電保護(hù)器的正確接線(xiàn)方式……………………………………………29
2.10 水位檢測(cè)顯示及上上限溫度報(bào)警………………………………………31
第3章 軟件程序設(shè)計(jì)……………………………………………………………34
3.1 系統(tǒng)理論分析………………………………………………………………34
3.2 控制算法的程序設(shè)計(jì)………………………………………………………35
3.2.1 數(shù)字PID控制算法………………………………………………………35
3.2.2 PID 參數(shù)的整定方法——?dú)w一參數(shù)整定法……………………………36
3.2.3 數(shù)字濾波—程序判斷濾波………………………………………………37
3.3 主程序………………………………………………………………………38
3.3.1鍵盤(pán)輸入中斷服務(wù)程序流程圖…………………………………………39
3.3.2修改PID參數(shù)子程序流程圖………………………………………………39
3.3.3設(shè)定溫度子程序…………………………………………………………40
3.3.4運(yùn)行子程序流程圖………………………………………………………40
3.3.5定時(shí)中斷服務(wù)程序運(yùn)行子程序流程圖…………………………………40
3.3.6水溫檢測(cè)子程序流程圖…………………………………………………41
3.3.7 PID算法子程序流程圖……………………………………………………42
第4章 經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)分析……………………………………………………………43
結(jié)  論……………………………………………………………………………45
致  謝……………………………………………………………………………46
參考文獻(xiàn)…………………………………………………………………………47
附錄A……………………………………………………………………………48
附錄B……………………………………………………………………………58