電動自行車速度里程表設(shè)計論文

摘 要
隨著居民生活水平的不斷提高，自行車不再僅僅是普通的運輸、代步的工具，而是成為人們娛樂、休閑、鍛煉的首選。自行車的速度里程表能夠滿足人們最基本的需求，讓人們能清楚地知道當(dāng)前的速度、里程等物理量。本論文主要闡述一種基于霍爾元件的自行車的速度里程表的設(shè)計。以 AT89C52 單片機為核心，A44E 霍爾傳感器測轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)，實現(xiàn)對自行車?yán)锍?速度的測量統(tǒng)計，采用 24C02 實現(xiàn)在系統(tǒng)掉電的時候保存里程信息，并能將自行車的里程數(shù)及速度用LED實時顯示。文章詳細(xì)介紹了自行車的速度里程表的硬件電路和軟件設(shè)計。硬件部分利用霍爾元件將自行車每轉(zhuǎn)一圈的脈沖數(shù)傳入單片機系統(tǒng)，然后單片機系統(tǒng)將信號經(jīng)過處理送顯示。軟件部分用匯編語言進行編程，采用模塊化設(shè)計思想。該系統(tǒng)硬件電路簡單，子程序具有通用性，完全符合設(shè)計要求。

關(guān)鍵詞：里程/速度；霍爾元件；單片機；LED顯示
ABSTRACT
With the developing of people’s life, the bicycle is not only the universal tool of transportation and substitute for walking, but becomes the first choice of entertainment and exercising. The bicycle mileage/speed can fulfill the basic need of people’s life, so that they can learn the speed and the mileage of the bicycle. In this paper, the bicycle mileage/speed design based on the Hall element is elaborated. By AT89C52 as kernel, using A44E Hall element to measure revolution, the measure and statistic are achieved. The range information is saved by 24C02 when the power is off, the bicycle speed can be displayed on LED. In this article, the hardware circuit and software design of bicycle mileage/speed instrument are introduced in detail. About the hardware, the pulse number is transmitted of one cycle of the bicycle into Single Chip Microcomputer system. Then the signal processed by Single Chip Microcomputer system is sent to display scream. About the software, in assemble language; the program is designed in the mode of modules. The system has simple hardware, common sub-program, and meets the demand of design.

KEY WORDS: Mileage / speed; Hall element; Single chip microcomputer; LED 
目  錄
1 緒 言 1
1.1 課題背景 1
1.2 課題的主要任務(wù)及內(nèi)容 1
2 自行車的速度里程表總體方案設(shè)計 2
2.1 任務(wù)分析與實現(xiàn) 2
2.2 自行車的速度里程表硬件方案設(shè)計 2
2.3 自行車的速度里程表軟件方案設(shè)計 4
3 自行車的速度里程表硬件電路設(shè)計 5
3.1 概述 5
3.2 傳感器及其測量系統(tǒng) 5
3.2.1 霍爾傳感器的測量原理 5
3.2.2 集成開關(guān)型霍爾傳感器 6
3.3 單片機的原理及應(yīng)用 7
3.3.1 單片機原理簡介 7
3.3.2 單片機的引腳功能介紹 8
3.3.3 單片機中斷系統(tǒng)介紹 10
3.3.4 單片機定時/計數(shù)功能介紹 11
3.4 其他器件的介紹 12
3.4.1 存儲器的介紹 12
3.4.2 74LS74芯片的介紹 13
3.4.3 74LS244芯片的介紹 14
3.5 單片機外圍電路的設(shè)計 14
3.5.1 時鐘電路的設(shè)計 14
3.5.2 復(fù)位電路的設(shè)計 15
3.5.3 顯示電路的設(shè)計 16
3.5.4 報警電路的設(shè)計 17
4 自行車的速度里程表軟件程序設(shè)計 18
4.1 概述 18
4.2 自行車的速度里程表總體程序設(shè)計 18
4.3 中斷子程序的設(shè)計 20
4.4 數(shù)據(jù)處理子程序的設(shè)計 20
4.5 顯示子程序的設(shè)計 22
5 系統(tǒng)調(diào)試與分析 24
5.1 系統(tǒng)仿真調(diào)試 24
5.2 調(diào)試故障及原因分析 24
6 結(jié)論與展望 26
6.1結(jié)論 26
6.2 展望 26
致  謝 27
參考文獻 28
附 錄 29