摘 要
錨絞機(jī)作為船舶配套的主要設(shè)備之一，對(duì)船舶有著重要的作用。目前，國(guó)內(nèi)企業(yè)自主研發(fā)能力弱，錨絞機(jī)多采用傳統(tǒng)方法設(shè)計(jì)，存在自重大、結(jié)構(gòu)不合理、性能較差、壽命低等問(wèn)題。而且，對(duì)錨絞機(jī)一些關(guān)鍵部件的工作機(jī)理研究不夠深入，制約新型、重型錨絞機(jī)研發(fā)。大容量、小體積、長(zhǎng)壽命、安全可靠等是國(guó)際上錨絞機(jī)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。所以為了降低制造成本、減小產(chǎn)品周期和快速響應(yīng)市場(chǎng)，提高產(chǎn)品的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，需要采用全新的設(shè)計(jì)方法對(duì)錨絞機(jī)進(jìn)行全面深入的分析。
本文以近代力學(xué)理論、熱力學(xué)理論和有限元理論為基礎(chǔ)，以Hypermesh和ABAQUS有限元軟件為手段對(duì)錨絞機(jī)進(jìn)行了有限元分析和優(yōu)化。具體的研究工作和結(jié)論如下：
(1) 對(duì)錨絞機(jī)支架在三種額定工況的靜態(tài)力學(xué)性能進(jìn)行有限元分析，并在此基礎(chǔ)上運(yùn)用軟件OPTISTRUCT對(duì)支架進(jìn)行了尺寸優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)。滿足支架結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)度的條件下，使支架整體重量減輕，體積減小。這為錨絞機(jī)支架的合理設(shè)計(jì)提供了科學(xué)依據(jù)。
(2) 分析了錨絞機(jī)傳動(dòng)齒輪失效特點(diǎn)，運(yùn)用非線性有限元法對(duì)齒輪嚙合性能進(jìn)行數(shù)值分析，得到齒輪齒高和齒寬方向載荷分配規(guī)律、齒輪嚙合剛度變化規(guī)律、齒根彎曲應(yīng)力隨時(shí)間變化曲線、齒面接觸應(yīng)力分布特點(diǎn)。這些為齒輪的設(shè)計(jì)、制造和改進(jìn)提供了可靠的依據(jù)。
(3) 對(duì)帶式制動(dòng)器制動(dòng)過(guò)程中溫度場(chǎng)等物理量的變化進(jìn)行新的探索和定性研究，直接建立了重復(fù)制動(dòng)工況下帶式制動(dòng)器摩擦生熱模型，考慮到了摩擦接觸和大轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)等非線性因素，較為真實(shí)的模擬了制動(dòng)器的制動(dòng)過(guò)程。利用ABAQUS軟件對(duì)帶式制動(dòng)器摩擦接觸熱力耦合模型進(jìn)行求解，得到了以下結(jié)論：制動(dòng)帶的應(yīng)力、變形和溫度場(chǎng)分布規(guī)律；摩擦片應(yīng)力、接觸壓力、瞬態(tài)溫度場(chǎng)分布規(guī)律；摩擦片生熱和散熱過(guò)程。

關(guān)鍵詞 錨絞機(jī)；有限元分析；優(yōu)化；嚙合性能；摩擦生熱；熱力耦合



Abstract
Anchor and mooring winch is one of main equipments of shipping supplementtary is important for ship. At present, R&D capabilities of domestic enterprises are weak. Traditional design methods are playing main roles in the design of anchor and mooring winch and bringing them some problems such as high weight, irrational structure, poor performance and low life. Working mechanisms of some key parts of anchor and mooring winch are not thorough enough, which constrain R&D of new and heavy anchor and mooring winches. Trends of anchor and mooring winch are large capacity, small volume, longevity, safe and so on internationally. In order to reduce manufacturing costs, reduce product cycle, satisfy market rapid response and enhance the competitiveness of products, it need to adopt new design methods for anchor mooring windlass.
Mechanics theory, thermodynamics theory and finite element theory are employed as foundation in this paper. Researches are based on the CAE software Hypermesh and ABAQUS. Main researches and conclusions are as follow:
(1) According to FEA(finite element analysis) results under threes loadcases and using optimization software OPTISTRUCT, the structural and size optimization of brackets of anchor and mooring winch are researched. After optimization, weight and volume of the winch are decreased, but the structural strength of bracket is strengthened. This provides a scientific basis for rational design for anchor and mooring winch.
(2) This paper analyzes the failure of anchor windlass gear characteristics, carries out the numerical analysis on gear meshing performance using nonlinear finite element mthod. The load distribution of tooth height and width direction and gear mesh stiffness is obtained. Gear contact strength and bending strength are studied. These provide a reliable basis for the improvement of design and manufacture of gear.
(3) New exploration and qualitative researches are carried on. Difference from previous studies is that friction heat build-up model of the band brake is established directly.With ABAQUS, the finite element thermoelastic coupling model which includes non-linear factor is solved. The sress,displacement,contact stress,contact pressure and temperature fields are acquired under the repetition braking condition.

Keywords Anchor and mooring winch ; FEA; optimization; meshing performance; friction heat build-up ; thermoelastic coupling

目 錄
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 課題背景及意義 1
1.2 本課題研究現(xiàn)狀 2
1.2.1 錨絞機(jī)研究現(xiàn)狀 2
1.2.2 國(guó)內(nèi)外齒輪研究現(xiàn)狀 3
1.2.3 摩擦制動(dòng)器研究現(xiàn)狀 4
1.3 本文研究?jī)?nèi)容與結(jié)構(gòu) 7
1.3.1 錨絞機(jī)工作原理及基本參數(shù) 7
1.3.2 研究?jī)?nèi)容 8
1.3.3 本文結(jié)構(gòu) 9
1.4 本章小結(jié) 9
第二章 基本理論 10
2.1 非線性有限元分析基本理論 10
2.1.1 幾何非線性理論 10
2.1.2 接觸分析理論 12
2.2 摩擦制動(dòng)器熱力耦合理論基礎(chǔ) 16
2.2.1 熱分析基本理論 16
2.2.2 熱力耦合有限元基本理論 17
2.3 OPTISTRUCT優(yōu)化理論 19
2.4 本章小結(jié) 20
第三章 錨絞機(jī)支架分析及優(yōu)化 21
3.1 錨絞機(jī)支架額定工況分析 21
3.2 支架有限元分析 22
3.2.1 材料性能參數(shù) 22
3.2.2 有限元模型的建立 22
3.2.3 計(jì)算結(jié)果與分析 23
3.3 支架結(jié)構(gòu)改進(jìn) 24
3.4 支粿@嘰纈嘔� 26
3.5 優(yōu)化后支架有限元分析 28
3.6 本章小結(jié) 29
第四章 錨絞機(jī)齒輪非線性有限元分析 31
4.1 齒輪彎曲應(yīng)力和變形常用計(jì)算方法 31
4.2 齒輪接觸應(yīng)力計(jì)算方法 35
4.3 錨絞機(jī)齒輪失效分析 35
4.4 錨絞機(jī)齒輪三維嚙合性能有限元分析 37
4.4.1 錨絞機(jī)齒輪仿真模型 37
4.4...