摘 要
系留氣球作為信息平臺，具有使用成本低、滯空時間長和隱身性能好等特點，近年來已成為各國研究熱點。在系留氣球系統(tǒng)中，系留平臺收放系統(tǒng)，即絞車的性能不僅影響著整個系統(tǒng)的安全性和可靠性，而且影響纜繩的使用壽命和光電信號的傳輸性能。在現(xiàn)代絞車朝著纜繩長度越來越長、張力越來越大的方向發(fā)展的過程中，絞車的速度控制精度、纜繩的有效保護成為制約現(xiàn)代絞車發(fā)展的瓶頸。針對上述絞車遇到的問題，本文提出了一種利用變頻器對交流電動機進行控制的減張力電控絞車的方案，并對矢量變頻控制系統(tǒng)、減張力機構(gòu)及恒張力系統(tǒng)進行了深入的理論和試驗研究，進一步對系統(tǒng)的可靠性進行了深入的分析，具有重要的理論價值和實際工程意義。
本課題在分析電控絞車結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步研究了絞車的電控系統(tǒng)。減張力機構(gòu)的方案的提出，解決了絞車在應(yīng)用過程中出現(xiàn)的纜繩損壞的問題，通過應(yīng)用摩擦學(xué)原理，使纜繩和摩擦輪之間的摩擦力吸收掉了纜繩上的大部分張力，在纜繩纏繞到儲纜筒上時纜繩上的張力能夠保持在一個穩(wěn)定的范圍，有效的保護了纜繩。本系統(tǒng)所采用的變頻器對儲纜絞車實施了恒轉(zhuǎn)矩控制，實現(xiàn)了儲纜絞車與減張力機構(gòu)的隨動，保持了纜繩上所承受張力的恒定。最后，分析了絞車的可靠性，在應(yīng)用可靠性指標(biāo)加權(quán)分配法對絞車電控系統(tǒng)的可靠性指標(biāo)進行分配的基礎(chǔ)上，應(yīng)用元器件計數(shù)法對絞車電控系統(tǒng)的可靠性進行預(yù)計，使電控絞車在設(shè)計階段，有效判明可靠性薄弱環(huán)節(jié)，以便改進設(shè)計。
在理論研究的同時，設(shè)計了電控絞車減張力機構(gòu)的試驗?zāi)Ｐ?，并進行了相應(yīng)的試驗。理論研究和試驗結(jié)果均表明，應(yīng)用矢量控制變頻調(diào)速的減張力機構(gòu)速度控制系統(tǒng)模型具有較好的速度穩(wěn)定性及較高的速度精度；恒轉(zhuǎn)矩控制的電機能與減張力機構(gòu)實現(xiàn)隨動，當(dāng)系統(tǒng)速度調(diào)整時能及時實現(xiàn)跟隨，實現(xiàn)了纜繩所受張力的恒定。
關(guān)鍵詞：電控絞車，矢量變頻控制，減張力，恒張力，可靠性






ABSTRCT
Mooring balloon as an information platform has many advantages, such as low use-cost, long hang time and good invisible properties, having become a researching focus in recent years. In the mooring balloon system, it’s the properties of retractable mooring platform, also called the properties of winch that influence not only the security and reliability of the whole system, but also the service life of the cable and transmission performance of electrooptical signal. In modern times，winch system is developing towards the direction of longer length, bigger tension, so the speed precise control and the effective protection of the cable system have been two constraint bottlenecks of it. As to the winch with the above problems, we propose a program to control AC motor with Inverter to realize electric winch system with reducing tension mechanism we also did deeper theoretical and practical research into vector frequency conversion system ,reducing tension mechanism and constant tension system .Besides, we did further analysis of the reliabilities of the system. They have great theoretical value and practical engineering significance.
Based on the analysis of the structure of this electric winch, we did a more step to research the electric system. The proposal of reducing tension mechanism program solves the problem with broken cable during the application by applying the friction theory，depending on friction force between cable and friction wheel to share the mostly tension, so that when cable wind to the reservoir winch, the tension on the rope can stay relatively stable, as a result the rope can be effectively protected. Inverter is used to control the torque and speed of the reservoir winch and the winch. The reliability of the system is analysed， based on the application of the weighted distribution method for reliability index of the electric winch system, identify the reliability of the weak links in order to improve our design effectively.
While researching on theory, we also design the models of speed control of electro-controlling winch and constant tension mechanism experiment, and the corresponding test. Theoretical and experimental results show that the application of the frequency vector control for electric winch has the advantages of fast response, simple parameter adjustment, anti-interference ability, etc., and maintain the cable tension constant.
Key Words Electric Winch, Vector Inverter Control, Tension-Reduction, Constant Tension
目 錄
摘 要 I
ABSTRCT II
第一章 概論 1
1.1 絞車的發(fā)展歷史及其應(yīng)用 1
1.1.1 絞車的發(fā)展歷史 1
1.1.2 絞車的應(yīng)用 2
1.2 絞車的分類和構(gòu)成 3
1.2.1 絞車的分類 3
1.2.2 絞車的構(gòu)成 3
1.3 交流變頻調(diào)速控制技術(shù)的發(fā)展 4
1.3.1 相位控制 4
1.3.2 VVVF控制 4
1.3.3 轉(zhuǎn)差頻率控制 4
1.3.4 脈寬調(diào)制（PWM）控制 4
1.3.5 矢量變換控制 5
1.3.6 磁場控制 5
1.3.7 微型計算機控制 5
1.4 新技術(shù)及發(fā)展趨勢 6
1.5 論文選題意義及研究內(nèi)容 7
1.5.1 本論文選題意義 7
1.5.2 本論文的主要研究內(nèi)容 7
1.6 本章小結(jié) 8
第二章 收放系統(tǒng)總體方案的研究 9
2.1 收放系統(tǒng)的配置與布局 9
2.1.1 主絞車 9
2.1.2 輔助絞車 10
2.1.3 控制與監(jiān)測系統(tǒng) 11
2.2 主絞車驅(qū)動方案的比較及選用 11
2.3 絞車電氣控制系統(tǒng) 13
2.4 本章小結(jié) 15
第三章 矢量控制變頻器系統(tǒng) 16
3.1 矢量變換控制問題的提出 16
3.2 矢量變換控制的基本原理 17
3.2.1 磁場作用等效 18
3.2.2 轉(zhuǎn)矩作用等效 19
3.3 矢量的..