摘 要
本文針對(duì)傳統(tǒng)PID控制在供水系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用上具有的適應(yīng)性差和大功率電源工頻/變頻切換會(huì)產(chǎn)生沖擊電流等特點(diǎn)，研究了一種多泵智能控制器，該控制器將模糊控制參與到PID調(diào)節(jié)中，使供水控制器參數(shù)能根據(jù)外界條件變化實(shí)時(shí)調(diào)整；同時(shí)將鎖相技術(shù)應(yīng)用到電源切換中，實(shí)現(xiàn)了切換電源減小或消除沖擊電流。
由于恒壓供水系統(tǒng)的非線性和時(shí)變性等特點(diǎn)，加之恒水位供水系統(tǒng)也沒有精確的模型，供水系統(tǒng)用線性化方法進(jìn)行控制比較困難，傳統(tǒng)PID控制無法適時(shí)調(diào)節(jié)其參數(shù)，適應(yīng)性差。模糊控制特別適用于非線性、時(shí)變、模型不確定的系統(tǒng)上，把模糊控制和PID控制結(jié)合起來，可以使PID控制器的參數(shù)能根據(jù)模糊控制規(guī)則進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。當(dāng)供水系統(tǒng)需要變頻或工頻電源的電機(jī)時(shí)，電機(jī)的平穩(wěn)切換一直是一個(gè)難點(diǎn)。電源不平穩(wěn)切換帶來的電流沖擊浪費(fèi)能源且對(duì)管網(wǎng)等設(shè)備也是一個(gè)潛在威脅。針對(duì)該問題，本課題采用了電源同步切換控制技術(shù)，當(dāng)一臺(tái)電機(jī)由變頻電源切換到工頻電源時(shí)，鎖相環(huán)路在C8051F020的協(xié)調(diào)下控制變頻器的輸出頻率鎖定在工頻頻率，一旦鎖定便開始發(fā)出切泵指令，做到同步切換，大大降低了沖擊電流，提高了系統(tǒng)的安全性。課題從產(chǎn)品的角度出發(fā)，致力于解決上述兩個(gè)問題，具體完成了以下工作：
（1）研究了供水系統(tǒng)的多樣性和工作原理，對(duì)不同情況下的供水要求做了分析，總結(jié)出恒壓供水系統(tǒng)的近似數(shù)學(xué)模型，對(duì)不同的供水場(chǎng)合采用不同的控制策略。
（2）研究了傳統(tǒng)PID控制，并結(jié)合模糊控制設(shè)計(jì)出參數(shù)可以自適應(yīng)調(diào)整的模糊PID控制器，并進(jìn)行了仿真，驗(yàn)證模糊PID控制器的合理性。
（3）把鎖相技術(shù)從通信領(lǐng)域引入到電源切換的控制領(lǐng)域上，并設(shè)計(jì)出鎖相同步切換系統(tǒng)，并在Simulink環(huán)境下進(jìn)行了仿真，說明了其正確性。
（4）在上述的理論基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)行了控制器的總體設(shè)計(jì)，包括各部分硬件電路和軟件開發(fā)。在實(shí)驗(yàn)室進(jìn)行的模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)也取得了預(yù)期的成果。

關(guān)鍵字：模糊PID；供水系統(tǒng)；多泵；鎖相環(huán)；同步切換；



Abstract
With the development of the domestic economy, businesses and residents become increasingly demanding for water supply. Diversification of supply requirements also contributed to the development of the field of water control. At present the automatic control system has been widely applied to residents of the water supply. However, due to constant pressure water supply of non-linear and time-varying characteristics, combined with constant water supply systems were not accurate models, water supply system is more difficult to control with the linear method, traditional PID control cannot properly regulate their parameters, so, adaptability is poor. Fuzzy control is based on the characteristics of the human mind with basis of fuzzy logic, unlike classical control that requires the accurate description of the transfer function, put fuzzy controller and PID controller together and the parameters of the PID controller based on fuzzy control rules can be adjusted accordingly. The fuzzy control rule is actually an expert knowledge base, which is based on the specific circumstances of the project, so, this controller is bound to be more adapted to changing conditions, and simulation also shows the superiority of the fuzzy PID controller.
When the water supply system requires several different type power of motor, the motor switch has been a difficult. When the motor switch from the inverter power to power-frequency, the impact shocks of current can cause large pressure, this waste the energy and is a potential threat to pipe network equipment, and prone to failure over time. Address the problem, put phase lock technology applied to the field of power switching, PLL in coordination with the C8051F020 control inverter output locked in power frequency, once locked, switch command issued. Reduce the impact of current and improve the system security.
The subject stood a product point of view, access to a wealth of information, committed to address two problems above, the specific work as follows have been done:
(1) The diversity of the water supply system and working principle had been studied. Analyzed the water requirements of different situations, and derived mathematical model of water supply systems.
(2) Design a fuzzy PID controller that parameters can be adaptive, and make a matlab simulation to verify its legitimacy.
(3) Applied phase locked power into the switch technology field, and make a matlab
simulation to verify its correctness.
(4) On the basis of above theory, overall design of the controller, include hardware circuitry and software exploitation.

Keywords: Fuzzy PID; water supply system; Multi-pump; PLL; synchronous switch

目錄
摘 要 I
Abstract III
第1章 緒論 1
1.1智能多泵控制器的研究背景及意義 1
1.1.1本課題提出的背景 1
1.1.2本課題研究?jī)?nèi)容和意義 2
1.2供水系統(tǒng)控制的國(guó)內(nèi)外現(xiàn)狀 2
1.3多泵控制存在的問題及解決方案 3
1.3.1供水系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn)和模糊PID控制 3
1.3.2工頻電源與變頻電源的同步切換 3
1.4課題的主要工作 4
第二章 供水系統(tǒng)的工作原理和近似模型 5
2.1 交流變頻技術(shù)簡(jiǎn)介 5
2.2 變頻調(diào)速的原理 7
2.3 多泵恒壓供水系統(tǒng)基本特性和節(jié)能原理 7
2.3.1供水系統(tǒng)的基本特點(diǎn)與工作點(diǎn) 7
2.3.2變頻調(diào)速的節(jié)能分析 8
2.4變頻恒壓供水系統(tǒng)近似模型 9
2.4.1壓力控制點(diǎn)的選擇 9
2.4.2 變頻調(diào)速恒壓供水系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn) 10
2.4.3 供水系統(tǒng)的近似數(shù)學(xué)模型 10
2.5 本章小結(jié) 12
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