液壓式壓茶機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)

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目  錄
摘  要 2
Abstract 3
第一章  緒論 4
1.1選題的意義 4
1.1.1茶葉的成分 4
1.1.2緊壓茶的具體分類(lèi) 4
1.1.3緊壓茶的歷史 7
1.1.4本文研究的主要意義 7
1.2液壓技術(shù)的發(fā)展和應(yīng)用 8
第二章  液壓式壓茶機(jī)的工作原理 10
2.1壓茶機(jī)工作原理 10
2.2液壓機(jī)的工作循環(huán) 11
第三章  壓茶機(jī)主要部件的設(shè)計(jì) 16
3.1壓茶機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)選擇 16
3.2壓茶機(jī)體及主要部件的設(shè)計(jì) 16
3.2.1壓茶機(jī)主要參數(shù)的確定 16
3.2.2壓茶機(jī)零部件初步設(shè)計(jì) 17
3.2.2.1上橫梁結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 17
3.2.2.2上橫梁的強(qiáng)度計(jì)算 18
3.2.2.3下橫梁的設(shè)計(jì)、計(jì)算和效核 22
3.2.3壓茶機(jī)油缸的設(shè)計(jì) 24
3.3下模（擠壓筒）的結(jié)構(gòu)形式 29
3.3.1擠壓筒尺寸計(jì)算和強(qiáng)度校核 30
3.3.2擠壓筒的合理使用： 31
3.4上模（擠壓軸）的設(shè)計(jì) 31
3.4.1結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 31
3.4.2擠壓軸的尺寸計(jì)算與強(qiáng)度的校核 32
第四章  壓茶機(jī)液壓系統(tǒng)及元件的設(shè)計(jì) 34
4.1液壓系統(tǒng)原理 34
4.2壓茶機(jī)液壓系統(tǒng)中液壓件的選擇和計(jì)算： 36
第五章  結(jié)論 38
致 謝 39
參考文獻(xiàn) 40

 
摘  要
液壓傳動(dòng)和氣壓傳動(dòng)稱(chēng)為流體傳動(dòng)，是根據(jù)17世紀(jì)帕斯卡提出的液體靜壓力傳動(dòng)原理而發(fā)展起來(lái)的一門(mén)新興技術(shù)，是工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中廣為應(yīng)用的一門(mén)技術(shù)。如今，流體傳動(dòng)技術(shù)水平的高低已成為一個(gè)國(guó)家工業(yè)發(fā)展水平的重要標(biāo)志。
液壓傳動(dòng)有許多突出的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，因此它的應(yīng)用非常廣泛，如一般工。業(yè)用的塑料加工機(jī)械、壓力機(jī)械、機(jī)床等；行走機(jī)械中的工程機(jī)械、建筑機(jī)械、農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械、汽車(chē)等；鋼鐵工業(yè)用的冶金機(jī)械、提升裝置、軋輥調(diào)整裝置等；土木水利工程用的防洪閘門(mén)及堤壩裝置、河床升降裝置、橋梁操縱機(jī)構(gòu)等；發(fā)電廠渦輪機(jī)調(diào)速裝置、核發(fā)電廠等國(guó)；船舶用的甲板起重機(jī)械(絞車(chē))、船頭門(mén)、艙壁閥、船尾推進(jìn)器等；特殊技術(shù)用的巨型天線控制裝置、測(cè)量浮標(biāo)、升降旋轉(zhuǎn)舞臺(tái)等；軍事工業(yè)用的火炮操縱裝置、船舶減搖裝置、飛行器仿真、飛機(jī)起落架的收放裝置和方向舵控制裝置等。
液壓傳動(dòng)的基本原理是在密閉的容器內(nèi)，利用有壓力的油液作為工作介質(zhì)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)能量轉(zhuǎn)換和傳遞動(dòng)力的。其中的液體稱(chēng)為工作介質(zhì)，一般為礦物油，它的作用和機(jī)械傳動(dòng)中的皮帶、鏈條和齒輪等傳動(dòng)元件相類(lèi)似。在液壓傳動(dòng)中，液壓油缸就是一個(gè)最簡(jiǎn)單而又比較完整的液壓傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，分析它的工作過(guò)程，可以清楚的了解液壓傳動(dòng)的基本原理.液壓傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的組成
液壓傳動(dòng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)：(1)體積小、重量輕，因此慣性力較小，當(dāng)突然過(guò)載或停車(chē)時(shí)，不會(huì)發(fā)生大的沖擊；(2)能在給定范圍內(nèi)平穩(wěn)的自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)牽引速度，并可實(shí)現(xiàn)無(wú)極調(diào)速；(3)換向容易，在不改變電機(jī)旋轉(zhuǎn)方向的情況下，可以較方便地實(shí)現(xiàn)工作機(jī)構(gòu)旋轉(zhuǎn)和直線往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)的轉(zhuǎn)換；(4)液壓泵和液壓馬達(dá)之間用油管連接，在空間布置上彼此不受?chē)?yán)格限制；(5)由于采用油液為工作介質(zhì)，元件相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)表面間能自行潤(rùn)滑，磨損小，使用壽命長(zhǎng)；(6)操縱控制簡(jiǎn)便，自動(dòng)化程度高；(7)容易實(shí)現(xiàn)過(guò)載保護(hù)。
通過(guò)對(duì)分析液壓壓茶機(jī)的國(guó)內(nèi)外生產(chǎn)及研究現(xiàn)狀，確定了本論文的主要設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容。在確定了壓茶機(jī)初步設(shè)計(jì)方案后，采用了傳統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方法對(duì)130T液壓壓茶機(jī)機(jī)身結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算及強(qiáng)度校核，并采用AutoCAD設(shè)計(jì)軟件對(duì)上橫梁、底座、液壓缸、活動(dòng)橫梁、擠壓筒、擠壓軸、立柱及總裝圖進(jìn)行了工程繪圖，在參考了某公司生產(chǎn)的三梁四柱式液壓墻體壓磚機(jī)機(jī)液壓系統(tǒng)以及查閱了有關(guān)關(guān)于液壓系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的書(shū)籍后，確定了液壓傳動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)方案，繪制了液壓系統(tǒng)原理圖，設(shè)計(jì)了液壓系統(tǒng)的工作說(shuō)明書(shū)，并對(duì)其進(jìn)行了可行性分析，最后對(duì)整個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)分析，得出整個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)切實(shí)可行。
關(guān)鍵詞：液壓傳動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)；壓茶機(jī)；機(jī)身結(jié)構(gòu)
 
Abstract
Hydraulic transmission and pneumatic transmission fluid transmission is called, is put forward according to the seventeenth century PASCAL liquid static pressure transmission principle and developed a new technology, it is widely applied in industrial and agricultural production of a technology. Now, fluid drive technology of level has become a national industrial development level of important symbol.
Hydraulic transmission has many outstanding qualities, so it's very extensive, such as general work. Industry of plastic processing machinery, with pressure machinery, machine tools; Walking in the mechanical engineering machinery, construction machinery, agricultural machinery, automobile, etc.; Steel industrial metallurgy mechanical, improve device, roll adjusting device, etc.; With the flood control engineering, asce, the gates and the dam device, lifting devices river bridge, manipulated mechanism, etc.; Power plant turbines control device, nuclear power plant and other countries; The deck of the ship in hoisting machinery (winch), the bow to the door, the bulkhead valve, the stern thrusters, etc.; Special technology giant antenna with control devices, measuring buoy, lift revolving stage, etc.; Military industrial gun control devices, ship roll reduction device, aircraft simulation, the plane landing gear device and rudder control devices, etc.
The basic principle of hydraulic drive is in an airtight container inside, use pressure oil as medium to realize the energy conversion and transfer of power. The liquid called work medium, generally for mineral oil, the role of the mechanical transmission belt, and the chain and gears and transmission components are similar.
Hydraulic system mainly by the: power components (oil), actuators (oil cylinder or hydraulic motor), the control elements (all the), auxiliary components and working medium five parts.
1) power components (oil) its role is to bring the liquid use mover mechanical energy converted into hydraulic pressure can; Is the power of hydraulic drive. 2) actuators (oil cylinder, hydraulic motor) it is a liquid hydraulic can convert into mechanical energy. Among them, the oil cylinder do linear motion, the motor do rotation movement. 3) the control elements including pressure valve, flow valves and direction valves, etc. Their role is according to need to adjust the motive of the liquid stepless speed, and to work in hydraulic system of the liquid pressure, flow and flow to adjust control. 4) auxiliary components in addition to the above three parts other than components, including the pressure gauge, oil filters, energy storage device, cooler, pipe and fuel tank and so on, they also is very important. 5) working medium medium means all types of hydraulic transmission of the hydraulic oil or emulsion, it passes through the oil pump and liquid motivation realize energy conversion.
Through to the analysis of the hydraulic press tea machine production and research situation at home and abroad, determined the main content of this topic design. In determining the pressure brick machine preliminary design scheme, used the traditional design method of hydraulic pressure of 130 T tea machine design and calculate the body structure and strength check, and using AutoCAD software to design the beams, the base, stretching the slider and press edge the slider, stretching cylinder, pillar and assembly drawing the engineering drawing, in reference to the a company produced four beam four pillar type hydraulic pressure wall brick conveying rate of hydraulic system and access to the hydraulic system of books about design, determined the hydraulic drive control system, the design of the hydraulic system to draw the principle diagram, the design of the hydraulic system, and analyses the feasibility analysis, the final design of the whole system are analyzed, and concluded that the whole design is feasible.
Key words: Hydraulic drive control system; press tea machine; body structure