摘 要
近年來，隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅速發(fā)展和國家對服務(wù)外包產(chǎn)業(yè)扶持力度的不斷加大，在國際外包需求激增和國內(nèi)服務(wù)外包企業(yè)日趨成熟的前提下，我國服務(wù)外包產(chǎn)業(yè)迅速發(fā)展，服務(wù)外包市場保持著年均50% 以上的速度高速增長。IDC預(yù)計(jì)，到2012 年中國離岸外包市場規(guī)模將達(dá)到89.5億美元。目前，國內(nèi)專門從事服務(wù)外包的企業(yè)有近2萬家，并形成了北京、大連、上海、深圳、西安等五大服務(wù)外包產(chǎn)業(yè)基地。為了更好促進(jìn)這一行業(yè)發(fā)展，我國又批準(zhǔn)北京等20個(gè)城市為中國服務(wù)外包示范城市，并對試點(diǎn)城市實(shí)行一系列鼓勵(lì)和支持措施。
服務(wù)外包產(chǎn)業(yè)集群不同于一般意義上的集群，在服務(wù)外包產(chǎn)業(yè)中存在明顯的技術(shù)外溢現(xiàn)象，企業(yè)可以通過技術(shù)外溢獲得發(fā)包方的先進(jìn)技術(shù)。在當(dāng)今社會企業(yè)競爭激烈的情況下，提升企業(yè)技術(shù)水平，提高企業(yè)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新能力，加快技術(shù)創(chuàng)新擴(kuò)散速度已經(jīng)成為集群內(nèi)企業(yè)獲得競爭優(yōu)勢，提升集群整體競爭力的重要源泉。
本文從產(chǎn)業(yè)集群生命周期角度研究服務(wù)外包企業(yè)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新擴(kuò)散，為產(chǎn)業(yè)集群內(nèi)企業(yè)在實(shí)踐中制定技術(shù)創(chuàng)新擴(kuò)散策略、盡量避開自身的某些劣勢以獲得技術(shù)創(chuàng)新擴(kuò)散優(yōu)勢、提高技術(shù)創(chuàng)新效率和提升技術(shù)創(chuàng)新能力提供新的途徑。文章發(fā)現(xiàn)在服務(wù)外包產(chǎn)業(yè)集群的成長過程中，各階段企業(yè)的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新擴(kuò)散表現(xiàn)不盡相同。在萌芽階段，技術(shù)創(chuàng)新擴(kuò)散不明顯，缺乏創(chuàng)新擴(kuò)散動力；在成長階段，由于追求新技術(shù)帶來的超常規(guī)利潤，集群內(nèi)企業(yè)爭相跟進(jìn)模仿技術(shù)，此時(shí)的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新擴(kuò)散最為明顯；在成熟階段，企業(yè)的表現(xiàn)則是創(chuàng)新擴(kuò)散數(shù)量最大，持續(xù)創(chuàng)新擴(kuò)散現(xiàn)象顯著；在最終的衰退階段，由于對外部技術(shù)的依賴性和集群企業(yè)自身的惰性，技術(shù)創(chuàng)新擴(kuò)散能力不斷下降，直至枯竭；若集群能進(jìn)入蛻變階段，技術(shù)創(chuàng)新擴(kuò)散能力則會逐漸復(fù)蘇?；诟麟A段特點(diǎn)，本文在產(chǎn)業(yè)集群成長期和成熟期，針對鞏固點(diǎn)和控制點(diǎn)分別建立博弈模型，討論服務(wù)外包企業(yè)在成熟期等待外溢、自主創(chuàng)新、技術(shù)交易及技術(shù)合作等路徑下的支付，以得到企業(yè)提升技術(shù)水平，提高技術(shù)創(chuàng)新擴(kuò)散能力的最佳選擇，最后以南京市高新技術(shù)開發(fā)區(qū)的服務(wù)外包產(chǎn)業(yè)集群為例，根據(jù)其目前的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀，優(yōu)勢和劣勢，結(jié)合博弈模型結(jié)論，從政府，行業(yè)和企業(yè)三個(gè)層面提出相應(yīng)對策，以更好促進(jìn)南京高新區(qū)服務(wù)外包產(chǎn)業(yè)集群內(nèi)部技術(shù)創(chuàng)新擴(kuò)散行為，提升集群的整體競爭力。

關(guān)鍵詞：技術(shù)創(chuàng)新擴(kuò)散；服務(wù)外包；產(chǎn)業(yè)集群；集群生命周期



Abstract
Recent years, with the rapid rise of China's economy and national efforts to support the service outsourcing industry continues to increase, the surge in demand in the international outsourcing business has matured at home and abroad under the premise of the rapid development of China's outsourcing industry, service outsourcing market kept on rate of more than 50% of all high-speed growth. IDC predicts that by 2012 China's offshore outsourcing market will reach 8.95 billion U.S. dollars. Currently, domestic companies are specializing in outsourcing, nearly 20,000, and Beijing, Dalian, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Xi'an has formed five major service outsourcing base. In order to better promote the development of this industry in February this year, the State Council also approved the Beijing and 19 cities to be the China's service outsourcing model cities, and implement a series of measures to encourage and support.
Service outsourcing industry cluster is different from the general the cluster. Technology spillovers exist in the service outsourcing industry, so companies can access the advanced technology through technology spillover. In today's competitive situation, enhancing the technological level and increasing the ability of technological innovation, accelerating technological innovation and the diffusion rate of enterprises in the cluster has become an important source of competitive advantage.
From the perspective of industry cluster life cycle of technological innovation diffusion service outsourcing enterprises, enterprises in the cluster for the industry to develop technological innovation in the practice of strategy, try to avoid some of their advantages and disadvantages for technical innovation, improve the efficiency of technological innovation and enhance technology innovation ability to provide a new way. Articles found in the evolution of industrial clusters, the diffusion of technological innovation in all different stages of expression and function. The proliferation of embryonic stage in the cluster is not very obvious, the lack of proliferation of the environment; follow-up in the profit-driven companies to imitate, the diffusion rate of growth stage was most apparent diffusion penetration of the strongest; the largest number of mature stage of proliferation, a sustained diffusion; as companies their dependency and inertia, the recession phase of continued failure, diffusion, diffusion almost stopped; recession, the gradual recovery of the proliferation phase, the speed gradually increased. This article in the growth stage and mature industrial cluster, to consolidate and control points for each game model, discuss the service outsourcing enterprises to wait for spillover in the mature, independent innovation, technology and technical cooperation, trade payment path to get enterprises to enhance technology to improve the diffusion of technological innovation the best choice. Finally, high-tech development zone in Nanjing outsourcing service industry clusters was given as a case. Consideri..