本科生畢業(yè)論文——淺談我國農村小額信貸問題（附開題報告）

摘　要

作為一個農業(yè)大國，實現我國農村貧困人口脫貧和農村經濟全面發(fā)展是我國經濟發(fā)展的重要目標。為了實現這一目標，我國在扶貧的道路上，從上個世紀九十年代就開始大力發(fā)展小額信貸，并把小額信貸作為一種新的扶貧方式和金融創(chuàng)新工具，使其在扶貧領域發(fā)揮著越來越重要的作用。經過我國和國外小額信貸近年的實踐證明，小額信貸在增加農民收入，促進農村經濟發(fā)展等方面已取得了顯著的經濟效應。但是由于我國的市場經濟發(fā)展不充分，法律制度不完善，以及農村金融體系本身存在缺陷等諸多原因，使得小額信貸在我國發(fā)展的并不理想，出現了很多問題。總體來看，我國農村金融市場發(fā)展還很落后。農民的資金需求還遠遠不能得到滿足。本文從這點出發(fā)分析了我國農村小額信貸發(fā)展歷程及現狀，提出了適合我國農村小額信貸的發(fā)展建議，以促進農村經濟的繁榮。

關鍵詞：小額信貸；扶貧；金融機構
 
Abstract

As a large agricultural country, the realization of Chinese rural poverty population shake off poverty and overall development of rural economy is an important target of China's economic development. In order to achieve this goal, China develop micro-credit and micro-finance on the road of poverty alleviation as a new way of poverty reduction and financial innovation tool in helping deficient up of our country from the nineties of the last century, which began to play an increasingly important role in the field of poverty alleviation.  The micro-credit and micro-finance practice of the country and abroad in recent years prove that micro-credit and micro-finance has made significant economic effects micro-credit in increasing the income of the farmers and promoting rural economic development has made a significant economic effect. Because of our country's market economy development is not sufficient, legal system is not perfect, and the rural financial system itself flawed and many other reasons, the development of micro-finance in China is not ideal, and has lots of problems. Overall, the development of our rural financial market is still lagging behind, and the financial needs of farmers can’t be satisfied. From the point of view of course and current situation of China's rural micro-finance development, this article puts forward proposals to fit the rural micro-finance development of our country, in order to promote the prosperity of rural economy.

Key Words: Micro-finance；Poverty alleviation；Financial institution

目 錄

引  言 1
一、農村小額貸款理論概述 2
（一）國際小額信貸的產生與發(fā)展 2
（二）小額信貸的理論 3
二、農村小額信貸在我國的發(fā)展歷程、現狀及意義 4
（一）我國小額信貸發(fā)展進程 4
1．試點的初期階段（1994年年初—1996年) 4
2．項目的擴展階段(1996年10月—2006年) 4
3．全面試行并推廣小額信貸活動階段(2006年至今) 5
（二）我國農村小額信貸機構的業(yè)務發(fā)展現狀 5
1．政策性農村小額信貸扶貧項目的發(fā)展現狀 5
2．農村信用社農村小額信貸業(yè)務的發(fā)展現狀 5
3．小額貸款公司貸款業(yè)務的發(fā)展現狀 5
4．村鎮(zhèn)銀行等新型金融機構農村小額信貸業(yè)務的發(fā)展現狀 6
（三）發(fā)展農村小額信貸的意義 6
1．增加農民收入 6
2．促進農村經濟發(fā)展 7
三、制約我國小額信貸發(fā)展的因素 7
（一）制約我國小額信貸發(fā)展宏觀的因素 7
1．市場經濟體制問題 7
2．政府的支持問題 7
3．小額信貸組織面臨的法律法規(guī)問題 8
（二）制約我國小額信貸發(fā)展的微觀因素 8
1．小額信貸機構持續(xù)發(fā)展能力有待加強 8
2．貸款低利率帶來的問題 9
3．小額信貸機構操作管理層面存在的問題 9
四、發(fā)展我國小額信貸的對策建議 10
（一）發(fā)展我國小額信貸的宏觀建議 10
1．改變對小額儲貸認識與定位 10
2．轉換政府在小額信貸發(fā)展中的職能 10
3．建立相應的法律、法規(guī)和切實可行的監(jiān)管框架 11
（二）發(fā)展我國小額信貸的微觀建議 11
1．完善農村金融體系，擴大小額信貸運載主體 11
2．允許小額信貸采取更加靈活的利率政策 11
3．加快業(yè)務創(chuàng)新，提升小額信貸的經營管理水平 12
參考文獻 13
致  謝 14