רìa7•μ?à???oaó???àà???a

??2010???ù?a?á?? ??μ????aê?????μ?±????úèY?￡μ?à???oaààê?ìa?ú?????í?D3???μ??aê?
μ?óD??áD?úèYaù??è?μ??a?êμ?μ?à??￠pHó??eê??¨?èμ?1??μ?￠óD1??ìo?èüòopHμ??????￠??±?ì?
?t??è?μ??a?êμ?à???oaà?×ó?¨?èμ?ó°?ì?￠à?×ó?¨?èμ?′óD?±è???￠?Doíμ??¨??ê??áμ??????￠??
àà???a?￠??á?ê?o??￠μ?oéê?o?μè?￡
????μ???1???
??μ?ò??￠???￠è?μ??a?êμ??D??·?·¨
1a×μ?à?·???aù2??üè?2?μ?à?a?′??úμ?à???oaa?è?
(1)0.1 mol•La?1CH3COOHèüòopH???a3aú
(2)0.1 mol CH3COOHèüòoμ?μ?μ??üá|±è?àí?ì??t?????áμ?è?aú
(3)?àí?ì??t??a?°?D?á￡í?è?μè?¨?èμ????áoí′×?á?Da??°??·′ó|?ù?ê±èoó???ìaú
(4)′×?áèüòo?Dμ?è?êˉè?ê?òo±?oìa??ù?óCH3COONH4a???é?±??3aú
(5)pH=1μ?CH3COOHó?pH=13μ?NaOHμèì??y?ìo?èüòo3ê?áD?μè?￡ 2a×???a·???
?ù?Yμ??a?ê??è?a???ó|à?×ó???a?üá|????
(1)CH3COONa??èüòoμ?pH>7aú
(2)0.1 mol•La?1 CH3COONaèüòopH±è0.1 mol•La?1 NaClèüòo′ó?￡
3a×??êí·???
è?í?aùa?￠b·?±e?apH?àμèμ?NaOHèüòooí°±????êí?ú???￡c?￠d·?±e?apH?àμèμ????áoí′×
?á??êí?ú???￡

??ì??áí??Dμ?á?2?o?ò?aù
(1)?ó????êí?àí?±?êyoóμ?pH′óD?aù°±??>NaOHèüòoa????á>′×?á?￡è???êí10n±?a????á?￠
NaOHèüòopH±??ˉn??μ￥??a???°±??ó?′×?áèüòopH±??ˉ2?μ?a?n??μ￥???￡
(2)??êíoóμ?pHè?è??àμèa??ò?ó??á?μ?′óD?aù°±??NaOHèüòoa?′×?á>???á?￡
4a×à?ó??????á(??)??±???è??á(??)?D??μ??a?ê??è??￡è???′×?á?óè?ì??á??èüòo?Da?óD???Y2ú
éú?￡?μ?÷?áD?aùCH3COOH>H2CO3?￡
5a×à?ó??a???ü?ú?é??DD?D??a?è?·??eê?D?Cl>S>P>Sia??ò?áD?HClO4>H2SO4>H3PO4>H2SiO3(×???
?????ˉ????ó|???ˉ??)aú?eê?D?aùNa>Mg>Ala??ò??D?aùNaOH>Mg(OH)2>Al(OH)3?￡

??μ??t?￠???áó?è??á(?ò????ó?è???)μ?±è??
μè???êμ?á??¨?èμ????á(a)ó?′×?á
(b)
μèpHμ????á(a)ó?′×
(b)
pH?ò???ê μ?á??¨?è pHaùab a=b
??μ?μ?à?3ì?è a c(CH3COOa?) c(Cla?)= c(CH3COOa?)
μèì??yèüòo?DoíNaOHμ?á? a=b a 1410
ca￠mol•La?1a?7c??(OHa?)
pH(?á)+pH(??)>14a?c?á(Ha?) í?μ?aùpH(?á)+pH(??)a?a?lg{c?á(Ha?)•1410
c (OH )a￠
a￠
??}a?14a?lgc (H )
c (OH )a?a￠
?á
???￡
??μ????￠??àà???aμ?1??é?°ó°?ìòò??
1a×??àà???aμ?1??é
1??éaùóDè?2????aa??Tè?2????aa???è??????aa???è??????aa??-?????-D?a?í??????DD??￡
??μ?ààDí êμày ???aà?×ó èüòoμ??á??D?
???á?????? NaCl?￠KNO3 ?T ?DD?
???áè????? NH4Cl?￠CuSO4?￠FeCl3
NHa?
4?￠Cu2+?￠Fe3+
?áD?
????è??á??[ ] Na2S?￠Na2CO3?￠
NaHCO3
S2a??￠COa￠
2
3?￠HCOa￠3
??D?
è??áè????? (NH4)2CO3?￠
CH3COONH4
NHa?
4?￠COa￠
2
3?￠CH3COOa?
óé?á??μ??à????è????¨
2a×ó°?ì??àà???aμ?òò??
(1)?úòò
??±?éíμ?D??êê????¨?????a3ì?è′óD?μ?×??÷òaòò??a?×é3é??μ??á?ù?à??ó|μ??á??è?(?ò??
à?×ó??ó|μ?????è?)a????a3ì?è?í??′ó?￡
(2)íaòò
￠ù???èaù??μ????aê??üèè·′ó|a?òò′?éy?????èa????a3ì?è??′ó?￡
￠ú?¨?èaù??μ??¨?è??D?a?μ??a?êà?×ó?à?￥??×2?áo?3éμ??a?ê·?×óμ????ê??D?a????a3ì?è??
′ó?￡
￠?ía?ó?á??aù′ù???òò?????μ????a?￡àyè?aùCH3COONaèüòo?D?ó???áa???μ????a3ì?è??′óa(chǎn)?
?ó????a???μ????a3ì?è??D??￡
￠üía?ó??
aa×?óè????aoó?á??D??à·′μ???a???μ????a?￥?à′ù??aú?óè????aoó?á??D??àí?μ???a???μ?
???a?￥?àò????￡
ba×?óè?2?2??ó???aμ?1ìì???a??????a??oa?Tó°?ìaú?óè?2?2??ó???aμ???èüòoa??àμ±óú??
?-??èüòo??êía???μ????a3ì?è??′ó?￡
ía??ì??t??·′ó|Fe3++3H2O
Fe(OH)3+3H+(?y·′ó|?a?üèè·′ó|)μ?ó°?ìè???aù
ì??t ò??ˉ
?ò
H+êy ]
pH
Fe3+???a3ì?è ???ó
éy?????è ?òóò ??
?ó
?μ
μí
??′ó ??é?±?é?(?? oìo?)
í¨HCl ?ò×ó ??
?ó
?μ
μí
??D? ??é?±??3
?óH2O ?òóò ??
?ó
éy
??
??′ó ??é?±??3
?ó??·? ?òóò ??
D?
éy
??
??′ó oìo?é?3áμía??Té???ì??￡ ?ó
NaHCO3
?òóò ??
D?
éy
??
??′ó oìo?é?3áμía??Té???ì?

??μ?áù?￠???a·?3ìê?êéD′μ?×￠òaê???
1a×?úêéD′??àà???aμ?à?×ó·?3ìê?ê±ò?°?2?±ê"?ü "?ò"?y"a?ò22?°?éú3é??(è?NH3•H2O?￠H2CO3μè)D′3é??·??a2ú??μ?D?ê??￡
2a×??àà???aò?°?ê??é??·′ó|a?êéD′ê±ò?°?2?D′"
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"a???òaD′" "?￡
3a×?à?aè??á??μ????a·?2???DDa?ò?μúò?2??a?÷a?ò?°???D′μúò?2????aμ?à?×ó·?3ìê??￡ày
è?aùNa2CO3???aaùCOa￠
2
3+H2O
HCOa￠
3+OHa??￡
4a×?à?aè?????à?×óμ????a·?3ìê?ò?2?D′íê?￡àyè?aùFeCl3???aaùFe3a?+3H2O
Fe(OH)3+3Ha??￡
5a×?@@1μ×???aμ?à?×ó×éa?óéóú???a3ì?è??′óa(chǎn)?êéD′ê±òaó?"
===
"?￠"?ü"?￠"?y"μèa?è?NaHCO3èüòoó?AlCl3èüòo?ìo?aùAl3a?+3HCOa￠
3===
Al(OH)3?y+3CO2?ü?￡
??μ????￠èüòo?D?￠á￡?¨?èμ?′óD?±è??
1a×????òà?Y
(1)μ?à?àí??
·￠éúμ?à?á￡×óμ??¨?è′óóú