摘  要
 改善稀土產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)，滿足高新技術(shù)領(lǐng)域不斷增長(zhǎng)的需要。
 采用混合氯化稀土為原料，以P507－煤油溶液為萃取劑，在RECl3-HCl體系中經(jīng)萃取全分離工藝提取單一稀土；設(shè)計(jì)所采用的工藝流程合理和靈活，同時(shí)又增加了產(chǎn)品附加值，使產(chǎn)品規(guī)?；⒏呒兓?、單一化、系列化，提高了產(chǎn)品在市場(chǎng)上的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力。溶劑萃取法是一種重要的化工分離手段，它具有提取和分離效率高、便于連續(xù)操作和生產(chǎn)能力大等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，已成為國(guó)內(nèi)外稀土分離的主要手段。
本設(shè)計(jì)完成后，可生產(chǎn)高純單一稀土系列產(chǎn)品，工藝技術(shù)先進(jìn)，產(chǎn)品附加值高，符合國(guó)家高新技術(shù)發(fā)展規(guī)劃。

關(guān)鍵詞：稀土萃取分離；高純稀土；P507

Abstract
Improve the rare earth products structure, meet new and high technology field growing needs.
The hybrid chlorinated rare earth as raw materials, P507-kerosene solution for extracting agent in the system, in the extraction separation process extracting individual reo; The design of the technological process of reasonable and flexible, increased again at the same time the added value of the products, make the product scale, high purification, simplification and series, improve the products on the market competition ability. Solvent extraction method is a kind of important chemical separation means, it has the extraction and separation efficiency high, easy to operation and continuous great capacity of production and other advantages, has become a major means of rare earth dialysis at home and abroad.
This design is completed, can produce high purity single rare earth series products, advanced technology, high value-added products, in line with the state development planning of new and high technology.

Keywords: Rare earth extraction separation; High purity rare earth;P507

目錄
設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書(shū) I
摘  要 I
Abstract II
第一章 序言 1
1.1 概述 1
1.1.1 常見(jiàn)的稀土礦 1
1.2 稀土生產(chǎn)與分離 1
1.2.1 稀土冶煉方法 2
1.2.2 稀土精礦的分解 2
1.2.3 稀土的生產(chǎn) 2
1.2.4 稀土產(chǎn)品的分離 溶劑萃取法 3
1.3 稀土用途 3
1.3.1 軍事方面 3
1.3.2 冶金工業(yè)方面 3
1.3.3 石油化工方面 4
1.3.4 玻璃陶瓷方面 4
1.3.5 新材料方面 4
1.3.6 農(nóng)業(yè)方面作用 4
1.4 我國(guó)稀土工業(yè)現(xiàn)狀 5
第二章 本設(shè)計(jì)項(xiàng)目評(píng)估 6
2.1 項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)的意義及必要性 6
2.2 設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容 6
2.3 項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)評(píng)價(jià) 7
2.4 稀土的生產(chǎn)情況與市場(chǎng)情況 7
2.5 現(xiàn)行稀土萃取分離存在的問(wèn)題 8
2.5.1 萃取劑方面的問(wèn)題 8
2.5.2 萃取設(shè)備的問(wèn)題 8
2.5.3 工藝之間相互銜接的問(wèn)題 9
2.5.4 環(huán)境污染的問(wèn)題 9
第三章 稀土萃取分離工藝過(guò)程的計(jì)算與設(shè)計(jì) 10
3.1 產(chǎn)品方案 10
3.2 串級(jí)萃取工藝 10
3.2.1 錯(cuò)流萃取 11
3.2.2 順流萃取 11
3.2.3 逆流萃取 11
3.2.4 分餾萃取 11
3.2.5 回流萃取 11
3.3 項(xiàng)目采用的工藝技術(shù)流程及其特點(diǎn) 12
3.3.1 工藝流程 12
3.3.2 工藝流程特點(diǎn) 12
3.3.3 工藝流程圖 13
3.4 主要反應(yīng) 14
3.5 最優(yōu)化串級(jí)萃取工藝設(shè)計(jì) 14
3.5.1 萃取體系的確定和分離系數(shù)β的測(cè)定 14
3.5.2 分離指標(biāo)的確定 15
3.5.3 最優(yōu)萃取比、萃取量和洗滌量的確定 17
3.5.4 級(jí)數(shù)n和m的確定 19
3.5.5 流比的確定 20
3.6 包頭礦為主的輕稀土萃取分離流程 20
3.7 工藝參數(shù) 22
3.7.1 Nd/Sm分組 22
3.7.2 Pr/Nd 分離 28
3.7.3 Ce/Pr分離 34
3.7.4 La/Ce分離 40
3.8 混合澄清器的選擇與設(shè)計(jì) 46
3.9 級(jí)數(shù)安排 48
3.10 混合室有效體積與級(jí)數(shù)的確定 49
3.11 萃取分離實(shí)際過(guò)程中各段工藝參數(shù)匯總 50
第四章 結(jié)  語(yǔ) 52
參考文獻(xiàn) 54
附    錄 56
致    謝 57