1.介紹
在相同的車艙內(nèi)可以裝載各種尺寸的貨物（產(chǎn)品），車廂可能有相同或不同的裝配能力。貨車帶有車廂，以便于卸載和加載滿包裝和空包裝的產(chǎn)品到達目的地。空包裝物的產(chǎn)品被作為循環(huán)再利用的資源，這類型的運作要求貨車向一個繁忙鬧市區(qū)配送，使其始發(fā)地到目的地的距離最短。因此，在繁忙的市中心區(qū)，車廂的使用使貨車的裝卸載更加方便快捷。
有這樣的一個例子是關(guān)于軟飲料的包裝物從始發(fā)地到不同目的地的運輸與配送的問題，在歐洲的軟飲料行業(yè)通常有六種類型的產(chǎn)品規(guī)格（大?。?。這些是25cl，30cl，33 cl，60cl，1t和2.5lt。同時封裝的大小取決于瓶口尺寸。貨車是根據(jù)給定路線上的目的地的需求來進行配載的路線是由一些地理區(qū)域目的地來確定的。在這項研究中我們假定需求率，在目的地沒有存儲限制，每種產(chǎn)品都有足夠的數(shù)量，管理策略是需要目的地接受任何交貨計劃，只要一直滿足他們的要求。補貨時間是一條路線上兩個交貨點之間的時間（時間間隔）。有一個關(guān)于經(jīng)營的問題是如何以最大限度的補貨時間來對車輛進行配載。我們叫這樣的一個問題叫車輛配載問題。以最大限度的補貨時間所產(chǎn)生的重要結(jié)果是減少長期的潛在的運輸成本。
1. Introduction
This research studies a truck loading problem and its mathematical properties, and consequently develops a model and a solution method. There are q different products to be transported to different destinations in m different compartments of the truck. The products with various sizes can be loaded in the same compartment. The compartments may have equal or different volume capacities. The cargo space of a truck is divided into compartments for ease of unloading the full packages and loading the empty packages of the products at the destinations. Empty packages of the Products are returned to the source for reuse. This type of operation requires trucks travel to a busy downtown area to make deliveries to the destinations which are located in short distances from each other. Therefore, the use of the compartments makes unloading the packages from the truck and loading the returned empty packages into the truck easy and quick in a busy down town area.
An example of such operation is the transportation and delivery of the packaged soft drinks from a source to different destinations. In the European soft drink industry usually there are six types of product sizes (bottle sizes). These are 25cl, 30