基于單片機的電機轉速測量系統(tǒng)設計

                                                      

摘  要

在工程實踐中，經常會遇到各種需要測量轉速的場合，測量轉速的方法分為模擬式和數(shù)字式兩種。模擬式采用測速發(fā)電機為檢測元件，得到的信號是模擬量。數(shù)字式通常采用光電編碼器，霍爾元件等為檢測元件，得到的信號是脈沖信號。隨著微型計算機的廣泛應用，特別是高性能價格比的單片機的出現(xiàn)，轉速測量普遍采用以單片機為核心的數(shù)字式測量方法。

本文便是運用AT89C51單片機控制的智能化轉速測量儀。電機在運行過程中，需要對其進行監(jiān)控，轉速是一個必不可少的一個參數(shù)。本系統(tǒng)就是對電機轉速進行測量，并可以和PC機進行通信，顯示電機的轉速，并觀察電機運行的基本狀況。

本設計主要用AT89C51作為控制核心，由霍爾傳感器、LED數(shù)碼顯像管、HIN232CPE電平轉換、及RS232構成。詳細介紹了單片機的測量轉速系統(tǒng)及PC機與單片機之間的串行通訊。充分發(fā)揮了單片機的性能。本文重點是測量速度并顯示在5位LED數(shù)碼管上。

其優(yōu)點硬件是電路簡單，軟件功能完善，測量速度快、精度高、控制系統(tǒng)可靠，性價比較高等特點。

關鍵字：MSC-51（單片機）； 轉速； 傳感器

Abstract

In the project practice, we will meet each kind to need frequently to survey the rotational speed the situation, the survey rotational speed method divides into the simulation type and the digital two kinds. The simulation type uses measured that the fast generator is the detecting element, obtains the signal simulates the quantity. Digital usually uses the electro-optical encoder, the Hall part and so on is the detecting element, obtains the signal is the signal impulse. Along with microcomputer's widespread application, specially high performance price compared to monolithic integrated circuit's appearance, the tachometric survey uses generally take the monolithic integrated circuit as the core digital measuring technique I graduated from the Design of the issue is control of the intelligent use of SCM speed measuring instrument. The system is the motor speed measurement, and PC and can communicate that the motor speed, and to observe the motor running the basic situation. 

    The main design AT89C51 control as the core, by the Hall sensor, LED digital CRT, HIN232CPE-level conversion, and a RS232. Detailed measurements of the speed of the SCM system and PC and the serial communication between the microcontroller. Give full play to the performance of the SCM. This paper is to measure the speed and displayed in five LED digital pipe. 

    The advantage of a simple hardware and software capabilities improve, measuring speed, high precision and control system reliable, cost-effective and so on.

Keyword：MSC-51(One-chip computer)；  sensor；  Tachometer

目  錄

摘  要 1

Abstract 2

1 序  言 1

2 系統(tǒng)功能分析 2

2.1 系統(tǒng)功能概述 2

2.2 系統(tǒng)要求及主要內容 2

3 系統(tǒng)總體設計 4

3.1 硬件電路設計思路 4

3.2 軟件設計思路 4

4 硬件電路設計 6

4.1 單片機模塊 6

4.1.1 處理執(zhí)行元件 6

4.1.2 時鐘電路 10

4.1.3 復位電路 11

4.1.4 顯示電路 12

4.2 霍爾傳感器簡介 15

4.2.1 霍爾器件概述 15

4.2.2 霍爾傳感器的應用 16

4.2.3 AH41霍爾開關 17

5 軟件設計 22

5.1 單片機轉速程序設計思路及過程 22

5.1.1 單片機程序設計思路 22

5.1.2 單片機轉速計算程序 23

5.1.3 二-十進制轉換程序 24

5.2 程序設計 27

6 系統(tǒng)調試 29

6.1 硬件調試 29

6.2 軟件調試 30

6.3 綜合調試 32

6.4 故障分析與解決方案 33

6.5 結論與經驗 34

參考文獻 36

致    謝 37

總電路圖....................................................39