中小企業(yè)出口策略研究
全文14頁(yè)10812字 敘述詳盡
專業(yè)：國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)與貿(mào)易專業(yè)
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摘 要
隨著全球經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化的發(fā)展，中小企業(yè)在國(guó)際貿(mào)易和世界市場(chǎng)中的重要性將伴隨商品、貨幣、技術(shù)、勞務(wù)以及管理技巧的國(guó)際流動(dòng)性的擴(kuò)大而與日俱增。就出口而言，遍布國(guó)內(nèi)城鄉(xiāng)的各種所有制中小企業(yè)，尤其是廣大鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)積極拓展產(chǎn)品的直接出口，同時(shí)也通過為大企業(yè)提供中間產(chǎn)品實(shí)現(xiàn)間接出口。中小企業(yè)出口的產(chǎn)品不僅包括勞動(dòng)密集型的紡織品、服裝、皮革、玩具等傳統(tǒng)商品，同時(shí)延伸到一部分高技術(shù)產(chǎn)品的出口。
而如今我國(guó)加入WTO以后，不僅為中小企業(yè)提供了更廣闊的市場(chǎng)空間，中小企業(yè)在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)日益激烈的國(guó)際市場(chǎng)上，面臨著人才不足、資金匱乏、營(yíng)銷渠道不暢、研發(fā)能力弱等問題，其實(shí)力和規(guī)模劣勢(shì)將暴露無遺。因此，進(jìn)一步提升中小企業(yè)的國(guó)際市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力刻不容緩。
提升中小企業(yè)的國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力應(yīng)主要做好幾方面：一是創(chuàng)造更適合中小企業(yè)發(fā)展的宏觀環(huán)境（包括貿(mào)易政策扶持、融資問題研究、信息資源支持等）；二是中小企業(yè)自身要注意從根本上提升企業(yè)素質(zhì)與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力（包括人才培養(yǎng)、營(yíng)銷渠道構(gòu)建、出口市場(chǎng)研究等）。本文將從以上宏觀、微觀兩方面對(duì)于我國(guó)中小企業(yè)出口環(huán)境的現(xiàn)狀和問題進(jìn)行探討，尋找卓有成效的對(duì)策，從而促進(jìn)中小企業(yè)產(chǎn)品出口的良性發(fā)展。

關(guān)鍵詞：中小企業(yè) 出口策略 國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力
ABSTRACT
Along with the development of economy globalization, the significance of Small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) in international trade and world market has increasing steadily, go with the international fluidity of commodities, currency, technology, workers and managing skills. Various proprietorship SMEs spread all over the nation energetically advanced the products direct export and offered middle products to big enterprises for indirect export, especially a great deal of township and village enterprises. Compared with the state sector, the non-state sector is primarily composed of SMEs engaged in labor intensive lower-value-added activities. The domestic private sector has insufficient access to financial resources to make the large-scale investments required to become established in capital-intensive industries. These export manufactures not only involving the traditional labor-intensive products such as textile, costume, leather, toies, but also extended to export of some high technology productions.
Since China entered WTO, SMEs gained more capacious developing spaces. But their weakness in face of fall short of persons with ability, capital pinch, infirmness in research and development ability would be emerged among the increasingly furious world market competition. Therefore, to upgrade our SMEs’s international competition has on time to delay.
It should be to do these on following aspects: one way is to creating more suitable macro-environments for SMEs development (including trade policies supporting, financing issues researching, auspice on information resources); the other way is SMEs improve self-diathesis and competition ability radically (including the training of talents, construction of marketing channels, export market researching etc.).
This thesis is an attempt to estimate the role of SMEs in China’s foreign trade and to explore the way to promote the export of SMEs form the macro-environment section and the micro-environment section.
Keywords: Small and medium size enterprises (SMEs)，Strategy of exports，
International competition
前 言


經(jīng)過20世紀(jì)80～90年代經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的洗禮，中小企業(yè)已成為我國(guó)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要組成部分。截至2001年底，我國(guó)共有中小企業(yè)2930萬家，約占我國(guó)企業(yè)總數(shù)的99.5%，從業(yè)人員高達(dá)1.74億人。中小企業(yè)創(chuàng)造的最終產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的價(jià)值占我國(guó)GDP的50.5%；中小企業(yè)提供的產(chǎn)品、技術(shù)和服務(wù)出口約占我國(guó)出口總值的60%；中小企業(yè)的工業(yè)總產(chǎn)值和實(shí)現(xiàn)利稅分別占全國(guó)總數(shù)的60%和40% 。由此可見，中小企業(yè)已成為我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的主力軍。
拓展中小企業(yè)的出口經(jīng)營(yíng)是我國(guó)中小企業(yè)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的重要組成部分。促進(jìn)中小企業(yè)的產(chǎn)品出口，使中小企業(yè)通過這一傳統(tǒng)而相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單的方式參與國(guó)際市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)：從國(guó)家的角度看，不僅可以為國(guó)家創(chuàng)匯，平衡國(guó)際收支，而且能通過就業(yè)、收入等途徑帶動(dòng)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的整體發(fā)展；從中小企業(yè)看，擴(kuò)大出口不僅可以為其規(guī)模化集約化發(fā)展提供更大的市場(chǎng)容量，在國(guó)際范圍內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)資源優(yōu)化配置，同時(shí)，也對(duì)中小企業(yè)自身發(fā)展提出了更高的要求。
我國(guó)中小企業(yè)在獲得長(zhǎng)足發(fā)展的同時(shí)，也存在不少問題。如中小企業(yè)發(fā)展的外部環(huán)境建設(shè)相對(duì)滯后，社會(huì)化服務(wù)體系尚未形成，缺乏統(tǒng)一和獨(dú)立的政策法律體系，資金短缺與產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)不盡合理，技術(shù)相對(duì)落后等等。
在我國(guó)加入WTO以后，中小企業(yè)面臨的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)將更加激烈。這些問題的解決與否將直接影響到中小企業(yè)將來的生存和發(fā)展。為此中小企業(yè)出口戰(zhàn)略是我國(guó)出口戰(zhàn)略重要的組成部分。無論從社會(huì)財(cái)富創(chuàng)造、國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、國(guó)家財(cái)政收入、充裕就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)、提升市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力等哪一個(gè)方面去進(jìn)行考察，都需要對(duì)其不斷地進(jìn)行研究，以不斷提升中小企業(yè)持續(xù)、穩(wěn)定發(fā)展的能力，從而促進(jìn)我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)更快的發(fā)展。
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