包含消費(fèi)者間信息交流的HOTELLING競(jìng)爭(zhēng)模型
9000字 20頁(yè)



摘 要
與傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)相比較，電子商務(wù)市場(chǎng)的一個(gè)重要特征是消費(fèi)者間的信息交流更加迅速，范圍更加廣泛，所需的成本也大大減少。這個(gè)特征為企業(yè)間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)增加了一個(gè)新的可以利用的層面。本論文探討消費(fèi)者間信息交流對(duì)廠(chǎng)商間價(jià)格競(jìng)爭(zhēng)策略的影響。我們將一個(gè)消費(fèi)者間互相學(xué)習(xí)產(chǎn)品差異的機(jī)制引入到經(jīng)典的 Hotelling 線(xiàn)性城市（Linear City）模型中。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)兩個(gè)廠(chǎng)商可以通過(guò)制定不同的價(jià)格來(lái)建立一個(gè)消費(fèi)者“抱怨的窗口”，從而降低消費(fèi)者對(duì)于產(chǎn)品差異的不確定性。這個(gè)“抱怨的窗口”可以幫助企業(yè)賺取更大的利潤(rùn)。消費(fèi)者間的信息交流可以幫助解釋寡頭市場(chǎng)的價(jià)格擴(kuò)散(price dispersion) 現(xiàn)象。同時(shí)我們也討論了信息的公共產(chǎn)品特性。

關(guān)鍵詞 電子商務(wù) 寡頭 價(jià)格競(jìng)爭(zhēng) 價(jià)格擴(kuò)散 信息交流 公共產(chǎn)品



The unprecedented easiness of exchanging information among consumers on the internet could add another dimension to the firms’ competition against each other. In this paper, we introduce consumers’ learning from each other about the degree of product differentiation into a Hotelling duopoly model, and investigate how the consumers’ learning behaviors affect the market equilibria. We show that in equilibrium it could be optimal for the two firms to charge different prices and set up a “window of complaints” to reduce the consumers’ uncertainty on product differentiation. Communication among consumers through word of mouth can help explain the existence of price dispersion in a duopolistic market. We also discuss some implications of the public good aspect of information about product differentiation.