Hibernate在IT服務(wù)管理項(xiàng)目中的應(yīng)用
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摘要
信息時(shí)代中，信息是發(fā)展的第一要素，網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展讓信息的共享成為可能。而信息共享的實(shí)質(zhì)是數(shù)據(jù)的共享，數(shù)據(jù)是信息資源最直接的表現(xiàn)形式。在今日的企業(yè)環(huán)境中，把面向?qū)ο蟮能浖完P(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)一起使用可能是相當(dāng)麻煩、浪費(fèi)時(shí)間的。Hibernate是一個(gè)面向Java環(huán)境的對(duì)象/關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)映射工具。對(duì)象/關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)映射(ORM))這個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)表示一種技術(shù)，用來(lái)把對(duì)象模型表示的對(duì)象映射到基于SQL的關(guān)系模型數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)中去。Hibernate不僅僅管理Java類到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)表的映射(包括Java數(shù)據(jù)類型到SQL數(shù)據(jù)類型的映射)，還提供數(shù)據(jù)查詢和獲取數(shù)據(jù)的方法，可以大幅度減少開(kāi)發(fā)時(shí)人工使用SQL和JDBC處理數(shù)據(jù)的時(shí)間。
本文首先從對(duì)象、面向?qū)ο蠓椒ㄈ胧?，討論了?duì)象持久的概念、方法。重點(diǎn)介紹了當(dāng)今比較流行的一個(gè)開(kāi)源框架Hibernate這個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)持久化技術(shù)體系的原理、結(jié)構(gòu)、機(jī)制、以及其對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)模式的運(yùn)用等方面相關(guān)內(nèi)容。同時(shí)，論文最后以基于ITIL理論的IT服務(wù)管理項(xiàng)目作為理論與實(shí)踐的結(jié)合，詳細(xì)論述了Hibernate框架在該項(xiàng)目中的應(yīng)用。在開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程中，通過(guò)應(yīng)用MVC設(shè)計(jì)模式實(shí)現(xiàn)了表示邏輯和業(yè)務(wù)邏輯的分離，為系統(tǒng)的開(kāi)發(fā)和維護(hù)提供了更大的靈活性和更好的可管理型。通過(guò)實(shí)踐表明，應(yīng)用這種系統(tǒng)框架可以提高系統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)的效率，同時(shí)滿足系統(tǒng)擴(kuò)展性和可維護(hù)性的要求。

關(guān)鍵詞：Hibernate，對(duì)象關(guān)系映射，數(shù)據(jù)持久層，J2EE，ITIL

Application of Hibernate in ITSM System

Abstract
In information age,information is the most important factor for development in every area.It is possible to share information among different organizations with the improvement of network.In fact,what shared in information is basically data.Data is the very direct representation of information resources.So,in order to realize data-sharing,data should not only be visited,but also be perdure.Work ing with object-oriented software and a relational database can becumbersome and time consuming in today's enterprise environments. Hibemate is an object/relational mapping tool for Java environments. The term object/relational mapping (ORM) refers to the technique of mapping a data representation from an object model to a relational data model with a SQL based schema. Hibernate not only takes care of the mapping from Java classes to database tables (and from Java data types to SQL data types), but also provides data query and retrieval facilities and can significantly reduce development time otherwise spent with manual data handling in SQL and JDBC.
In this paper,firstly,objects and object-oriented methods are in troduced,and discussion
of the conceptions and methods for objects persistence are referred.The principle, structure, mechanism, application of design patterns and etc of a component designed and implemented by author are introduced with emphasis.At the same time, this paper will take ITSM for example and discuss the application of Hibernate.In this case,distinction between description logic and business logic is made possible with in the MVC design patern,which means better flexibility and easier manage ment in the exploration of a system. Results show that this new framework helps to increase work efficiency in exploration. Meanwhile, expansibility and maintainability of the system within this framework are also satisfactory.

Key words：Hibernate，O/R Mapping，Data Persistence，J2EE，ITIL

目錄
摘要 I
Abstract II
1.緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究意義 1
1.3 研究?jī)?nèi)容 2
2.數(shù)據(jù)持久化的概念及相關(guān)知識(shí) 3
2.1 數(shù)據(jù)持久性 3
2.2 持久性框架 3
2.2.1 持久性框架概述 3
2.2.2 O/R Mapping技術(shù) 4
2.2.3 一些著名的持久框架 5
3.Hibernate O/R Mapping 框架技術(shù) 6
3.1 概述 6
3.2 Hibernate的體系結(jié)構(gòu) 6
3.3 Hibernate的類型 7
3.4 操作持久化數(shù)據(jù) 7
3.4.1 持久化生命周期 7
3.4.2 持久管理器 8
3.5 Hibernate查詢語(yǔ)言（HQL） 8
3.6 開(kāi)發(fā)流程 9
4.IT服務(wù)管理系統(tǒng)分析 10
4.1 ITSM簡(jiǎn)介 10
4.2 應(yīng)用框架及架構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 11
4.2.1 表現(xiàn)層 11
4.2.2 業(yè)務(wù)層 12
4.2.3 持久層 12
4.2.4 領(lǐng)域模型層 13
4.3 系統(tǒng)界面 14
4.4 系統(tǒng)功能 18
4.4.1系統(tǒng)管理 18
4.4.2 工作臺(tái) 18
4.4.3 自主服務(wù)臺(tái) 18
4.4.4 我的工作臺(tái) 19
5 工作臺(tái)中問(wèn)題模塊的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn) 20
5.1 模塊功能描述 20
5.2 模塊功能實(shí)現(xiàn) 20
5.2.1 新建問(wèn)題 20
5.2.2 查詢問(wèn)題 21
5.2.3 編輯問(wèn)題 22
5.2.4 提交問(wèn)題 23
5.2.5 查看問(wèn)題 24
5.3 Hibernate在ITSM中的應(yīng)用 25
5.3.1 Hibernate的配置文件 25
5.3.2 映射文件的編寫 27
5.3.3 用Hibernate實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)象關(guān)系的映射 31
5.3.3.1 SessionFactory配置 31
5.3.3.2 從XML配置文件獲取SessionFactory 32
5.3.3.3 實(shí)現(xiàn)映射 32
結(jié)論 34
致謝 35
參考文獻(xiàn) 36



參考文獻(xiàn)
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