超聲流量計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)處理及擬合方法

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摘要 近年來，超聲流量計(jì)因其測量方式簡單，無接觸等優(yōu)點(diǎn)在我國工業(yè)測量領(lǐng)域中嶄露頭角得以廣泛應(yīng)用。然而，在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中，流體在傳播過程中容易受到溫度，濃度等的影響進(jìn)而影響超聲流量計(jì)的測量精度，因此還有許多研究工作可以展開。數(shù)據(jù)處理作為一個(gè)完整實(shí)驗(yàn)的最后一個(gè)步驟有著不容忽視的重要性，高效的處理方法既可以使結(jié)果一目了然又可以得知實(shí)驗(yàn)中影響較大的因素從而加強(qiáng)改進(jìn)，提高整個(gè)系統(tǒng)反應(yīng)時(shí)間和精度，而超聲流量計(jì)測試就有大量數(shù)據(jù)需要處理。
本文闡述了超聲流量計(jì)的簡介分類以及優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，對超聲流量計(jì)的國內(nèi)外發(fā)展情況及發(fā)展前景進(jìn)行了綜述。對超聲流量傳感器研發(fā)過程中所測試的大量數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了分析，從而發(fā)現(xiàn)實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)所具有的特點(diǎn)，以及所需處理的問題，在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了若干數(shù)據(jù)處理方法，本文的數(shù)據(jù)處理分為兩個(gè)模塊，利用MATLAB軟件進(jìn)行編程處理，首先是數(shù)據(jù)的預(yù)處理，包括剔除粗大誤差，重復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)的刪除，稀疏數(shù)據(jù)的插值，密集數(shù)據(jù)的抽取以及樣本量大小的選擇；然后對預(yù)處理過的數(shù)據(jù)擬合，并研究分析了擬合加權(quán)性的作用，進(jìn)而完成了溫度、濃度和時(shí)間的曲面加權(quán)擬合程序。
對程序進(jìn)行了調(diào)試驗(yàn)證，證明其結(jié)果可將野值有效剔除，刪除重復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)并實(shí)現(xiàn)了插值，抽取，樣本量大小的基本確定，為數(shù)據(jù)擬合建立了基礎(chǔ)，進(jìn)而完成了二次曲面的加權(quán)擬合。
關(guān)鍵詞：超聲流量計(jì) MATLAB 數(shù)據(jù)處理


The data pre-processing and fitting method of the Ultrasonic Flowmeter
Abstract In recent years, ultrasonic flowmeter has been widely used in our country because of its simple measurement method and the advantages of no contact in the field of industrial field.In practice, however, the fluid in the process of transmission vulnerable to the temperature and concentration, in turn, affects the measurement accuracy of ultrasonic flowmeter, so there are a lot of research work can be carried out.Data processing as the final step of a complete experiments,its importance can not be ignored. the efficient processing method not only can make the results be clear at a glance, but also can know the more important factors of the experiment then to improve, improve the system response time and accuracy, and ultrasonic flowmeter test has a large amount of data to deal with.
This article expounds the introduction,classification and the advantages and disadvantages of the ultrasonic flowmeter, the ultrasonic flowmeter development situation and development prospect at home and abroad are reviewed. By the analysis of the large amounts of data in the process of ultrasonic flow sensor research test, Discovering the characteristics of the experimental data and the problems need to be processed , on the basis of this some data processing methods are put forward.this paper is divided into two modules, using MATLAB to processs the program. first is the pretreatment of data, including eliminating bulky error, delete the duplicate data, sparse data interpolation, dense data extraction and the selection of sample size;Then fit the data which has been pretreated, then research and analysis the role of regression and weight ,then complete the surface weighted fitting procedure of the temperature, concentration and time.
After debugging and verifying the program ,prove that we can effectively eliminate the outliers ,remove duplicate data andand achieve the function of interpolation, extraction, determine the size of the sample size, build the foundation for data fitting, and then complete the weighted fitting of quadric surface .
Keywords: ultrasonic flowmeter MATLAB data processing


目錄
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 引言 1
1.1.1 超聲流量計(jì)的簡介及分類 1
1.1.2超聲流量計(jì)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn) 1
1.1.3超聲流量計(jì)的發(fā)展情況和發(fā)展前景 2
1.2 超聲流量計(jì)標(biāo)定過程的數(shù)據(jù)處理 3
1.2.1 數(shù)據(jù)處理的概念及意義 3
1.2.2 超聲流量計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)來源 4
1.2.3 超聲流量計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)特點(diǎn)和分析 4
1.2.4 所需處理的問題和處理方法 4
1.3 本課題研究內(nèi)容 5
第二章 超聲流量計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)的預(yù)處理 6
2.1 影響超聲流量計(jì)精度的因素 6
2.2 誤差的概念及分類 7
2.3 粗大誤差判別準(zhǔn)則 7
2.3.1 拉伊達(dá)準(zhǔn)則 7
2.3.2 格拉布斯準(zhǔn)則 8
2.3.3 肖維勒準(zhǔn)則 8
2.3.4 狄克遜準(zhǔn)則 8
2.4 剔除超聲流量計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)野值的相關(guān)MATLAB程序 9
2.4.1 利用散點(diǎn)圖對數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行直觀認(rèn)識和分析 9
2.4.2 剔除粗大誤差的程序編寫 11
2.5 超聲流量計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)采樣的均勻化處理 13
2.5.1 刪除超聲流量計(jì)的重復(fù)數(shù)據(jù) 13
2.5.2 超聲流量計(jì)密集數(shù)據(jù)的抽取 15
2.5.3 超聲流量計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)的插值 17
2.5.4 超聲流量計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)樣本量大小的選擇 19
第三章 超聲流量計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)加權(quán)擬合 21
3.1 數(shù)據(jù)加權(quán)的原因及加權(quán)方法 21
3.1.1 幾種常見的加權(quán)法 21
3.1.2 最小二乘加權(quán)法 22
3.2 超聲流量計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)的濃度加權(quán)擬合 23
3.3 超聲流量計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)的溫度加權(quán)擬合 26
第四章 程序調(diào)試過程及結(jié)果 27
4.1 數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入與導(dǎo)出 27
4.1.1 數(shù)據(jù)的導(dǎo)入 27
4.1.2 數(shù)據(jù)的保存與導(dǎo)出 28
4.2 剔除粗大誤差的程序調(diào)試過程 29
4.3 刪除重復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)的程序調(diào)試過程 29
4.4 插值的程序調(diào)試過程 30
4.5 超聲流量計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)插值及加權(quán)擬合的結(jié)果 30
結(jié)論 34
致謝 35
參考文獻(xiàn)： 36