我國(guó)中小企業(yè)信貸融資困境及對(duì)策

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摘要： 中小企業(yè)在我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中擁有不可替代的位置。中小企業(yè)在發(fā)展過(guò)程中受到的制約和面臨的困境引起了我國(guó)政府的高度重視。其中融資難一直是阻礙中小企業(yè)發(fā)展的重大難題，由于中小企業(yè)自身特點(diǎn)、我國(guó)金融市場(chǎng)機(jī)制發(fā)育不完善、法律法規(guī)制度不健全等因素，中小企業(yè)融資難問(wèn)題在我國(guó)顯得尤為復(fù)雜。在中小企業(yè)融資的眾多渠道中，信貸融資一直占有特別重要的地位，因此對(duì)我國(guó)中小企業(yè)信貸融資進(jìn)行研究在理論上和實(shí)際中都有很重要的意義。
本文從中小企業(yè)的界定及重要性出發(fā)，首先闡述了中小企業(yè)在我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中做出的突出貢獻(xiàn)，分析了目前中小企業(yè)融資現(xiàn)狀并從中總結(jié)出所面臨的問(wèn)題，融資渠道單一、融資成本高以及需求遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于供給等，從中小企業(yè)自身和政府政策以及金融體制三方面分析原因，并從其成因出發(fā)，從該三方面提出改善中小企業(yè)融資困境的意見(jiàn)和建議。
研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，要想提升商業(yè)銀行對(duì)中小企業(yè)信貸融資服務(wù)的質(zhì)量，緩解中小企業(yè)信貸融資困境，應(yīng)該從以下幾個(gè)方面著手：提升中小企業(yè)自我形象，增加其信貸融資的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力；完善政府支持體系，包括規(guī)范和完善中小企業(yè)的稅收和補(bǔ)貼政策、建立促進(jìn)我國(guó)中小企業(yè)發(fā)展的機(jī)構(gòu)、完善中小企業(yè)信用擔(dān)保體系等；創(chuàng)新中小企業(yè)融資體系，包括完善銀行融資制度以及建立針對(duì)中小企業(yè)的金融機(jī)構(gòu)體系，后者包括建立針對(duì)中小企業(yè)的政策性銀行以及引導(dǎo)民間非正規(guī)金融發(fā)展等。
關(guān)鍵詞： 中小企業(yè) 信貸融資 銀行貸款 融資困境


Research on Difficulties and Countermeasures on the Credit Financing Problems of the Small and Medium-sized Enterprise in China
Abstract： Small and medium-sized enterprises（SMEs) have an irreplaceable position in the economic development of our country.The restriction and dilemma SMEs faced in its development have catched the Chinese government’s great attention.The financing difficulties have been the major problem of hindering SMEs from developing.Due to the SMEs own characteristics,imperfect financial market mechanism,imperfect laws and regulations system.SMEs financing difficult problem in our country is particularly complicated.In numerous channels of the SMEs financing,credit financing has been a very important way.So,studying our country SMEs credit financing has very important significance in theory and practice.
This article begins from the definition and importance of SMEs, First,elaborate the SMEs outstanding contribution in the economic development of our country, analysis of the current financing status of SMEs and sum up the problems faced.Such as:the single financing channel, high financing cost, and demand is far greater than supply etc.From SMEs itself,the government policy and the financial system these three aspects.Analysis the reasons, and start from the causes,then put forward opinions and suggestions to perfect the financing difficulties of SMEs.
Studies have found that if you want to improve the quality of the commercial bank credit to SMEs, ease the difficulties of credit financing,should begin from the following aspects:Promote the SMEs self-image, increase the competitiveness of its credit financing;Perfect government support system, including to standard and perfect the tax and subsidy policy of SMEs;Set up institutions to promote the development of SMEs in our country;Improve the SMEs credit guarantee system etc;In order to Innovate SMEs financing system, We can improve the system of bank financing and set up financial institutions for SMEs system,the latter consists of establishing policy Banks for SMEs and guiding the folk informal financial development.
Key words: Small and Medium-Sized enterprises,Credit Financing,Bank Loans, Financing Difficulties

目錄
引言 1
第一章 我國(guó)中小企業(yè)及融資基本理論概述 2
1.1 我國(guó)中小企業(yè)概述 2
1.1.1 我國(guó)中小企業(yè)的界定 2
1.1.2 我國(guó)中小企業(yè)的重要性 4
1.2 我國(guó)中小企業(yè)融資的基本理論 4
1.2.1 我國(guó)中小企業(yè)融資的含義及原則 5
1.2.2 我國(guó)中小企業(yè)融資的渠道 6
第二章 我國(guó)中小企業(yè)信貸融資現(xiàn)狀及存在的問(wèn)題 8
2.1我國(guó)中小企業(yè)信貸融資現(xiàn)狀 8
2.1.1 銀行信貸成為中小企業(yè)最主要的外部融資渠道 8
2.1.2 銀行貸款的規(guī)模受企業(yè)規(guī)模的影響 8
2.1.3 國(guó)家政策對(duì)中小企業(yè)融資問(wèn)題的日益關(guān)注 9
2.2 我國(guó)中小企業(yè)信貸融資存在的問(wèn)題 10
2.2.1 融資渠道單一且融資成本高 10
2.2.2 中小企業(yè)信貸資金供給與需求嚴(yán)重失衡 11
2.2.3 難以獲得國(guó)家政策的全面支持 11
第三章 我國(guó)中小企業(yè)信貸融資難成因分析 12
3.1 我國(guó)中小企業(yè)融資難的內(nèi)在原因 12
3.1.1 內(nèi)部治理結(jié)構(gòu)存在問(wèn)題 12
3.1.2 信用文化缺失 13
3.1.3 抵押擔(dān)保能力不足 13
3.2我國(guó)中小企業(yè)融資難的外在原因 14
3.2.1 政府政策扶持不到位 14
3.2.2 現(xiàn)行金融體制不完善 15
第四章 我國(guó)中小企業(yè)擺脫信貸融資困境的對(duì)策 16
4.1 提升中小企業(yè)自我形象 16
4.1.1 完善企業(yè)內(nèi)部治理結(jié)構(gòu) 16
4.1.2 建立以誠(chéng)信為核心的企業(yè)文化 17
4.2 完善政府支持體系 18
4.2.1 規(guī)范和完善中小企業(yè)的稅收和補(bǔ)貼政策 18
4.2.2 建立促進(jìn)我國(guó)中小企業(yè)發(fā)展的機(jī)構(gòu) 19
4.2.3 完善中小企業(yè)信用擔(dān)保體系 19
4.3 創(chuàng)新中小企業(yè)融資體系 20
4.3.1 完善銀行融資制度 20
4.3.2 建立針對(duì)中小企業(yè)的金融機(jī)構(gòu)體系 21
結(jié) 論 22
致 謝 24
參考文獻(xiàn) 25