電力系統(tǒng)潮流追蹤問題研究

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摘要：在當前電力工業(yè)發(fā)展過程中，傳統(tǒng)的電力壟斷格局已然被打破，電力市場化改革成為其發(fā)展的重要方向。在此過程中，輸電損耗分攤越來越受到人們的重視，它不僅對各個電力使用者的經(jīng)濟利益產(chǎn)生影響，而且左右了電力市場健康穩(wěn)定的發(fā)展，因此將網(wǎng)損公平、合理的分攤給每個使用者，已成為電力市場改革的熱點與難點。
本文提出了一種新的基于比例分配原則的潮流跟蹤模型，該模型將基本潮流和網(wǎng)損一起跟蹤，并在潮流跟蹤過程中實現(xiàn)對系統(tǒng)網(wǎng)損的分攤；同時，基于電流分解公理，證明了網(wǎng)損應該按電流比例分攤。最終提出將基本潮流與網(wǎng)損一起按照比例分配原則進行跟蹤。
潮流跟蹤作為輸電費用分攤的重要理論依據(jù)，對其算法的研究已成為國內(nèi)外學者討論的熱點。在對潮流跟蹤技術(shù)進行深入研究的基礎(chǔ)上，提出了一種基于比例分配原則的同時考慮基本潮流和網(wǎng)損的潮流跟蹤模型。該模型將每個節(jié)點等效為有功和無功兩個節(jié)點，構(gòu)造比例分配矩陣，進行潮流跟蹤，得到每臺發(fā)電機和線路對地電容，分配給每個負荷的功率。
在制定潮流跟蹤過程的算法之前，本文定義了節(jié)點注入功率向量用來記錄各個等效節(jié)點的總注入功率，得到了比例分配系數(shù)矩陣，本文通過搜索比例系數(shù)矩陣實現(xiàn)潮流跟蹤過程。最終得到各個發(fā)電機發(fā)出的功率到各個負荷的不同路徑(供應鏈)及對應的功率大小。比例系數(shù)矩陣的搜索過程實際上是人工智能學科中先深度優(yōu)先搜索，后廣度優(yōu)先搜索的過程。
最后，采用C語言將所提出的基于潮流跟蹤網(wǎng)損分攤算法編寫為程序，用結(jié)果證明該模型能夠同時準確有效地進行損耗和基本潮流跟蹤，為輸電費用分攤提供了更科學的理論依據(jù)。
關(guān)鍵詞：電力市場，潮流跟蹤，比例分配原則，網(wǎng)損，輸電服務，人工智能搜索


Research On The Problem of Power Flow Tracing
ABSTRACT：With the process of the current electric power industry development,the electric power industry monopoly pattern in the traditional way is being replaced by the market mechanism. Electric power market reform become important direction. More and more people care transmission losses allocation in the process.It not only affect the power user's economic interests, but also the electric power market health and development, So how to allocate loss to every user fairly and reasonably has become one of the hottest researchs for many scholars and electricity companies.
This paper presents a new model to follow the proportional sharing principlebased on the trend, the model will be the basic trend and loss with tracking, and realize the sharing of system losses in the power flow tracing process; at the same time, based on the current decomposition axioms,it proved that the lossshould be assessed according to the current ratio. Finally, the fundamentalpower flow and loss together according to the proportional sharing principle oftracking.
Based on the thoroughly analysis of power flow tracing methods, a new method of allocating both power flow and losses is presented, which grounds on proportional sharing principle. Each node is equivalent to an active node and a reactive node. Then a proportional sharing matrix M is built. Search this matrix to trace power flow. Finally gain the contribution of each generator and each direct-to-ground capacity to each load.
Before making the tracing process of the algorithm, this paper defines the nodal injection power vector is used to record the total power injection each equivalentnode, defining the proportion coefficient matrix, and then the proportion coefficient matrix to achieve search the tracing process. Finally get the different paths of each generator power to each load (supply chain) and the corresponding power size. The search process of proportional coefficient matrixis actually in artificial intelligence to the depth first search, after the process ofbreadth first search.
Finally, the power flow tracing loss allocation algorithm is based on C language to program the proposed .Numerical test shows that the proposed method can trace both power flow and losses correctly and effectively, which provides foundation for transmission charge allocation theory.
Keywords:：power market, power flow tracing, proportional sharing principle, losses，
transmission services，artificial intelligence search.

目 錄
第一章 緒論 1
1.1引言 1
1.2 電力市場輸電服務分析 2
1.3輸電費用分攤方案的研究現(xiàn)狀及評述 3
1.4本文的主要工作 7
第二章 潮流跟蹤技術(shù)解析 8
2.1 引言 8
2.2比例分配原則 9
2.3網(wǎng)損分攤方法 11
2.4其他重要研究成果 14
2.5本章小結(jié) 14
第三章 基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)等效的潮流跟蹤的網(wǎng)損分攤模型 16
3.1引言 16
3.2跟蹤原則 16
3.3線路對地電容的處理 16
3.4有功和無功分離的網(wǎng)絡(luò)等效 19
3.5基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)等效的潮流跟蹤和網(wǎng)損分攤模型 21
3.6本章小結(jié) 29
第四章 含網(wǎng)損分攤的潮流跟蹤算法實現(xiàn) 31
4.1引言 31
4.2潮流跟蹤算法的編程實現(xiàn) 31
4.3 C 語言簡介 36
4.4運行結(jié)果 38
4.5本章小結(jié) 40
第五章 結(jié)論與展望 41
參考文獻 43
致謝 45
附錄 46