鋼材出口企業(yè)面臨的困難和應(yīng)對(duì)策略

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[摘要]我國(guó)不光是鋼材的生產(chǎn)大國(guó)，亦是消費(fèi)大國(guó)，也是出口大國(guó)。2013年我國(guó)鋼材出口量還是有小幅增加，但是仍然面臨著鋼材市場(chǎng)中鋼材價(jià)格較低，盈利率極低的困難，這里面既有原材料價(jià)格上升的原因，也有政府開始逐步減少甚至取消了部分鋼材產(chǎn)品的出口退稅的原因，更多的則是由于我國(guó)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)不合理，產(chǎn)業(yè)集中度相較其他國(guó)家較低，導(dǎo)致了產(chǎn)能過剩，并且由于經(jīng)濟(jì)不景氣，鋼材需求不足致使全球鋼材價(jià)格萎靡不正。盡管如此，我國(guó)還是有10家企業(yè)在2013年進(jìn)入全球鋼材產(chǎn)量前20鋼材企業(yè)，其主要原因在于這些重點(diǎn)鋼材企業(yè)開始加大技術(shù)研發(fā)投資，并且這些投資比例已經(jīng)不低于歐美與日韓等國(guó)。因此，我國(guó)重點(diǎn)鋼材企業(yè)已經(jīng)在生產(chǎn)效率，生產(chǎn)設(shè)備，生產(chǎn)能耗等方面追趕上甚至趕超了發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家。此文通過SWOT分析全面解析了鋼材出口企業(yè)的內(nèi)部?jī)?yōu)勢(shì)與劣勢(shì)，外部威脅與機(jī)遇，并針對(duì)此分析提出了政府需要繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需，加大對(duì)重點(diǎn)鋼材企業(yè)的投資力度，并應(yīng)對(duì)貿(mào)易保護(hù)提出相應(yīng)的政策以及相關(guān)的文件來減少國(guó)際貿(mào)易摩擦。而企業(yè)自身，尤其是原本能耗高，以低端產(chǎn)品為主的中小型企業(yè)通過并購(gòu)、兼并等方式來發(fā)展自身，而重點(diǎn)企業(yè)則可以開始實(shí)施走出去的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略通過海外投資降低原材料價(jià)格波動(dòng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，并且所有企業(yè)都要積極應(yīng)對(duì)貿(mào)易壁壘，面對(duì)不公正的貿(mào)易保護(hù)時(shí)要積極應(yīng)對(duì)。

[關(guān)鍵詞]鋼材 出口企業(yè) SWOT分析 價(jià)格 貿(mào)易壁壘


Steel export enterprises'difficulties and coping strategies
[abstract]China is the only country steel production, is also the country of consumption and exportation . In 2013 China's steel export volume was increased slightly,but the steel market steel's prices are still low. And the steel companies have the low profitability .because of rising prices of raw materials, and government began to gradually reduce or even abolish the export tax rebate of some steel products,what's more ,because of China's irrational industrial structure, industry concentration is low compared to other countries, which led to overcapacity, and because of the economic downturn, steel demand led to a collapse in global steel prices. Even so, China still has 10 companies in 2013 to enter the steel output of global top 20 steel enterprises, the main reason is that these key steel enterprises began to increase R & D investment,and the investment ratio has not less than Europe and the United Statesand countries such as Japan and South korea. Therefore, key steelenterprises in our country has been already in production , efficiency , production equipment, production cost were caught up with or evensurpass the developed countries. In this paper, through the analysis of SWOT parsing the steel export enterprise's internal strengths and weaknesses, threats and opportunities, and for this analysis presentsthe government needs to continue to expand domestic demand,increase the key steel enterprises investment, to deal with tradeprotection and put forward the corresponding policy and related documents to reduce the international trade friction. But the enterprise itself, especially the original high energy consumption, the low-endproducts consisting mainly of small and medium-sized enterprises to develop itself through mergers and acquisitions, mergers and otherways, the development strategy and key enterprises can take the development strategy of going out to reduce the risk of fluctuations in the prices of raw materialsby overseas investment, and all enterprises to actively respond to trade barriers, in the face of trade protection injustice to actively respond to.

[Keyword]steel Export enterprises SWOTanalysis price Trade barrier

目錄
一、緒 論 1
（一）研究背景及研究意義 1
（二）國(guó)內(nèi)外研究動(dòng)態(tài) 2
（三）可能的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn) 4
（四）研究方法 4
二、鋼材出口企業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀分析 4
（一）鋼材產(chǎn)量分析 4
（二）進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易情況 5
（三）鋼材價(jià)格走勢(shì) 6
（四）原材料進(jìn)口價(jià)格分析 8
三、鋼材出口企業(yè)發(fā)展的SWOT分析 9
（一）鋼材出口的內(nèi)部資源優(yōu)勢(shì)分析 9
（二）鋼材出口企業(yè)的內(nèi)部資源劣勢(shì) 11
（三）出口鋼材企業(yè)面臨的外部競(jìng)爭(zhēng)威脅 13
（四）鋼材出口企業(yè)的外部環(huán)境機(jī)會(huì) 14
四、政府的宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策及若干建議 15
（一）財(cái)政政策 15
（二）進(jìn)一步開放鋼材市場(chǎng) 15
五、鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)和鋼材出口穩(wěn)定發(fā)展的舉措 16
（一）積極應(yīng)對(duì)貿(mào)易摩擦 16
（二）實(shí)施走出去戰(zhàn)略 16
（三）優(yōu)化產(chǎn)能利用率，協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展 16
六、結(jié)論 17
參考文獻(xiàn) 17