甲醇水分離塔設(shè)計(jì)

摘要  篩板塔是傳質(zhì)過程常用的塔設(shè)備，它的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)有：⑴ 結(jié)構(gòu)比浮閥塔更簡單，易于加工，造價(jià)約為泡罩塔的60％，為浮閥塔的80％左右。 ⑵ 處理能力大，比同塔徑的泡罩塔可增加10～15％。 ⑶ 塔板效率高，比泡罩塔高15％左右。⑷ 壓降較低，每板壓力比泡罩塔約低30％左右。雖然篩板塔有： ⑴ 塔板安裝的水平度要求較高，否則氣液接觸不勻。 ⑵ 操作彈性較小(約2～3)。⑶ 小孔篩板容易堵塞等缺點(diǎn)。但它由于具有前述的一些優(yōu)點(diǎn)，因而在化工，石油，能源等行業(yè)的應(yīng)用中仍處于板式塔應(yīng)用的主導(dǎo)地位。本次論文以介質(zhì)的性質(zhì)、溫度和壓強(qiáng)，以及公稱直徑和當(dāng)?shù)刈匀画h(huán)境為設(shè)計(jì)條件，綜合考慮各方面的因素選定板式篩板塔，具體步驟主要包括殼體、封頭壁厚的設(shè)計(jì)與較核，基礎(chǔ)環(huán)板，裙座等零部件的設(shè)計(jì)，同時(shí)結(jié)合所選定的材料和工作環(huán)境制定相應(yīng)的焊接工藝和制作、組裝和加工工藝。

關(guān)鍵詞  篩板塔；塔盤；降液管

Abstract
 The sieve-plate column is commonly used in mass transfer tower equipment, its main advantages: ⑴ structural valve tower more than a simple, easy processing, and cost about 60% of bubble tower, tower float valve for about 80% . ⑵ processing capacity, than the diameter of the blister with tower  10 ~ 15% increase. ⑶ tray efficiency higher than that Blister tower about 15% higher. ⑷ lower pressure drop per plate bubble tower pressure than about 30%. Although the sieve-plate column are: ⑴ tray installation require a higher degree level, or gas-liquid contact with uneven. Operating flexibility ⑵ small (about 2 ~ 3). ⑶ small plate, such as easy to plug the shortcomings. But it is because of some of the advantages mentioned above, which in the chemical, petroleum, energy and other industries are still in the application of the application tray column dominance. The thesis of the nature of media, temperature and pressure, as well as the nominal diameter for the design of the natural environment and local conditions, concrete steps to include the shell, head of design and wall thickness more nuclear, based on the Central board, and other parts of the skirt design, combined with selected materials and the working environment to develop the corresponding welding technology and production, assembly and processing technology.

Key words   sieve-plate column; tray; downcomer

目錄
甲醇水分離塔設(shè)計(jì)………………………………………………….I
摘要 I
關(guān)鍵詞 I
Abstract II
目錄………………………………………………………………..III
第一章   概述……………………………………………………..1
1.1板式精餾塔的簡介……………………………………………..1
1.2板式精餾技術(shù)及發(fā)展 4
第二章 塔結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)……………………………………………...5
2.1塔設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容 5
2.1.1設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)………………………………………………………5
2.1.2塔結(jié)構(gòu)簡圖……………………………………………………5
2.2主體材料強(qiáng)度指標(biāo) 7
2.3筒體、封頭壁厚確定 7
2.3.1筒體厚度計(jì)算 7
2.3.2封頭厚度計(jì)算 7
2.4塔體上各項(xiàng)載荷計(jì)算 8
2.4.1塔質(zhì)量 8
2.4.2風(fēng)載荷和風(fēng)彎矩計(jì)算 9
2.4.3地震力及地震彎矩計(jì)算 11
2.4.4最大彎矩 13
2.5塔體的強(qiáng)度及軸向穩(wěn)定性驗(yàn)算 14
2.5.1塔體2-2截面的各項(xiàng)軸向應(yīng)力計(jì)算 14
2.5.2塔體2-2截面抗壓強(qiáng)度及軸向穩(wěn)定性驗(yàn)算 14
2.6裙座的強(qiáng)度及穩(wěn)定性校核 15
2.6.1裙座底部0-0截面軸向應(yīng)力計(jì)算 15
2.6.2裙座檢查孔1-1截面強(qiáng)度校核 15
2.6.3裙座焊縫強(qiáng)度校核 16
2.7壓試驗(yàn)時(shí)塔的強(qiáng)度和穩(wěn)定性驗(yàn)算 16
2.7.1水壓試驗(yàn)時(shí)塔體2-2截面的強(qiáng)度校核 16
2.7.2水壓試驗(yàn)時(shí)裙座底部0-0截面的強(qiáng)度和軸向穩(wěn)定性校核 17
2.8基礎(chǔ)環(huán)板設(shè)計(jì) 17
2.8.1基礎(chǔ)環(huán)板內(nèi)外徑的確定 17
2.8.2混泥土強(qiáng)度校核 17
2.8.3基礎(chǔ)環(huán)板厚度設(shè)計(jì) 18
2.8.4地腳螺栓的設(shè)計(jì) 19
2.8.5筋板的設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算 20
2.8.6蓋板的設(shè)計(jì)和計(jì)算 21
2.9開孔及開孔補(bǔ)強(qiáng) 22
2.9.1工藝水進(jìn)口N03開孔及開孔補(bǔ)強(qiáng) 22
2.9.2貧甲醇進(jìn)口N07開孔及開孔補(bǔ)強(qiáng) 24
2.9.3工藝水出口N02開孔及開孔補(bǔ)強(qiáng) 26
2.9.4人孔開孔及其開孔補(bǔ)強(qiáng) 28
2.10接管和法蘭的選用 31
第三章 甲醇水分離塔輔助裝置以及附件………………………32
3.1回流冷凝器 32
3.1.1整體式 32
3.1.2自流式 32
3.1.3強(qiáng)制循環(huán)式 33
3.2管殼式換熱器的設(shè)計(jì)與選型 33
3.2.1流體流動阻力（壓強(qiáng)降）的計(jì)算 33
3.2.2管殼式換熱器的選型 34
3.3再沸器 35
3.4加熱蒸氣鼓泡管 36
3.5離心泵的選擇 37
第四章 塔設(shè)備的制造、安裝…………………………………….38
4.1制造要求 38
4.2組裝要求 38
4.3焊接及其特點(diǎn) 39
4.4熱處理 40
4.5大型塔設(shè)備的安裝 40
設(shè)計(jì)總結(jié)…………………………………………………………..42
致謝………………………………………………………………..44
參考文獻(xiàn)…………………………………………………………..45
附錄I  主要符號說明……………………………………………46