城市化視野下的中國戶籍制度改革-----畢業(yè)論文

目        錄
摘  要…………………………………………………………Ⅲ
ABSTRACT………………………………………………………Ⅳ
引  言…………………………………………………………1
一、現(xiàn)行戶籍制度存在的問題及其對(duì)城市化的影響………2
（一）戶籍管理制度的歷史沿革及現(xiàn)行戶籍制度的基本特征…2
1.我國戶籍制度的歷史沿革  ………………………………………………2                                
2.現(xiàn)行戶籍制度的基本特征… …………………………………………… 3
（二）現(xiàn)行戶籍制度存在的問題及其對(duì)城市化的影響…………4
1.現(xiàn)行戶籍制度制約了大城市擴(kuò)張和小城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展…………………………4
2.現(xiàn)行戶籍制度導(dǎo)致農(nóng)村人口無法享受平等待遇…………………………5
3.現(xiàn)行戶籍制度導(dǎo)致大量勞動(dòng)力滯留在農(nóng)村，剩余勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移受阻……7
二、有關(guān)現(xiàn)行戶籍制度改革的主要觀點(diǎn)以及具有代表性的模式分析10                                       
（一）主要觀點(diǎn)………………………………………………………10
1.主張廢除附加在現(xiàn)行戶籍管理制度上二元結(jié)構(gòu)…………………………… 10
2.主張?jiān)诂F(xiàn)階段維持現(xiàn)行戶籍管理制度……………………………………… 11
（二）實(shí)踐中的改革模式……………………………………………12
1.鄭州戶籍制度改革模式…………………………………………………… 12
2.湖州戶籍制度改革模式…………………………………………………… 14
三、 中國戶籍制度改革的方向…………………………………16
（一）從憲法上保障公民遷徙自由…………………………………………… 16
（二）以應(yīng)用計(jì)算機(jī)為途徑，加快推進(jìn)人口管理信息化…………………… 17
（三）大城市的發(fā)展必須更加自由…………………………………………… 17
（四）加速小城鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)………………………………………………………… 17
（五）完善社會(huì)保障制度，剝離附加在戶口上的利益……………………… 18
結(jié)  論………………………………………………………………20
參考文獻(xiàn)……………………………………………………………21
致 謝………………………………………………………………22

摘要
城市化是一個(gè)國家或地區(qū)現(xiàn)代化的重要途徑和標(biāo)志，也是世界各國經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的趨勢(shì)，沒有城市化就不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化。在我國現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)中，城市化同樣是繞不開的路，而目前我國推進(jìn)城市化進(jìn)程的一個(gè)主要障礙就是傳統(tǒng)的戶籍管理制度。城鄉(xiāng)分割的二元戶籍制度是在特定歷史條件下的制度產(chǎn)物，有其存在的必要性和合理性。戶籍制度在特定歷史時(shí)期對(duì)我國經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)具有不可否定的歷史貢獻(xiàn)，但是，隨著社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，傳統(tǒng)戶籍制度表現(xiàn)出越來越明顯的不適應(yīng)性。從我國城市化進(jìn)程的視角看，傳統(tǒng)戶籍制度已經(jīng)成為我國經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的瓶頸。所以，關(guān)于改革傳統(tǒng)戶籍制度的呼聲越來越高，各種關(guān)于戶籍制度改革試驗(yàn)不斷涌現(xiàn)。各級(jí)地方政府針對(duì)戶籍制度改革的新措施和新政策紛紛出臺(tái)。本文正是在這一背景下通過查閱資料、運(yùn)用比較分析、歸納分析的方法，試圖從城市化的角度闡述我國傳統(tǒng)戶籍制度改革的必要性和緊迫性，探討戶籍制度改革的基本思路。
本文試圖從三個(gè)方面闡述中國戶籍制度存在的問題和改革的基本方向。首先闡明戶籍制度的歷史沿革及基本特征，其次分析現(xiàn)行戶籍制度阻礙我國城市化道路的主要表現(xiàn)，然后討論在戶籍制度改革問題上的幾種具有代表性的模式和觀點(diǎn)，并在此基礎(chǔ)上提出中國戶籍制度改革的基本方向。

關(guān)鍵詞： 城市化  中國  戶籍制度  改革

Abstract
Urbanization is an important way and feature of national and regional modernization, and also a trend of worldwide development of economy and society. Without urbanization, it is impossible to realize modernization. In the course of the construction of Chinese modernization, urbanization is necessary. However, at present, a major obstacle in promoting the construction of Chinese urbanization is the traditional household registration management system. Dualistic household registration system featuring the segmentation of urban and rural areas was the result of social system in the specific historical condition, with the essential and rational existence. Household registration system has made undeniable contribution to the national economic construction in a particular historical period. But with the development of the socialist market economy, the traditional household registration system showed more and more obvious maladjustment. As view form the process of Chinese urbanization, the traditional household registration system has become the bottleneck of the Chinese economic and social development. Therefore, the voices which demand reform on the traditional household registration system are getting higher and higher. Many experiments related to household registration system reform emerge consistently. New measures and new policies for the household registration system reform are introduced in succession by the local government. Just under this background , through consulting materials, the applying the method of comparative analysis and of inductive analysis, this paper attempts to elaborate the necessity and urgency of the household registration system reform from the angle of urbanization and probe the essential idea of the household registration system reform.
This paper will illustrate problems existing in Chinese household registration system and the basic direction of reform from three aspects. Firstly, we will clarify the evolutionary process and the basic characteristics of household registration system. Secondly, we will analyze in which aspect the existing household registration system hinders the Chinese urbanization, and then discusses several representative models and ideas in the household registration system reform. On this basis, we will raise the basic direction of Chinese household registration system reform.
Key words:  urbanization；China；household registration system；revolution