80t履帶起重機(jī)臂架設(shè)計(jì)研究（本科畢業(yè)論文設(shè)計(jì)）

摘    要

 履帶起重機(jī)是工程起重機(jī)行業(yè)的一個(gè)重要門類，是現(xiàn)代工程建設(shè)施工中不可缺少的大型設(shè)備之一。臂架作為履帶起重機(jī)的主要承載結(jié)構(gòu)件，尤其是在大噸位履帶起重機(jī)中，其設(shè)計(jì)和制造質(zhì)量直接關(guān)系著起重機(jī)的整機(jī)安全性。長(zhǎng)臂架剛度小，起臂工況下，二次變形易引起結(jié)構(gòu)失穩(wěn)而導(dǎo)致起臂失敗，造成臂架損壞的嚴(yán)重后果，因此合理的對(duì)臂架結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)是成功的對(duì)履帶式起重機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)的關(guān)鍵。
履帶起重機(jī)是用于起重作業(yè)的流動(dòng)式起重機(jī)，可用于物料起重運(yùn)輸、設(shè)備及廠房安裝等作業(yè)。履帶起重機(jī)由于接地比壓小，轉(zhuǎn)彎半徑小，爬坡能力大，能適應(yīng)惡劣地面，具有起重能力大、臂長(zhǎng)組合多、起重性能好、作業(yè)幅度大、吊重作業(yè)不需要打支腿、可吊載行駛等特點(diǎn)，使它具有其它類型起重機(jī)所無法比擬的優(yōu)勢(shì)。但由于其作用工況復(fù)雜，更需要合理的設(shè)計(jì)及仿真。本課題主要對(duì)80t履帶起重機(jī)臂架進(jìn)行合理的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算，并按照設(shè)計(jì)所得的尺寸對(duì)臂架建模，利用ansys軟件對(duì)模型進(jìn)行有限元分析，模態(tài)分析等。

關(guān)鍵詞：履帶式起重機(jī)，臂架系統(tǒng)，靜態(tài)分析，模態(tài)分析

ABSTRACT

    Crawler crane is one of the necessary equipments and weightily type in project construction at hoist industry. As main bearing weight structure of the crawler crane, the
design and manufacture quality for boom system are important to the safety of the whole machine, especially for the great tonnage cranes. The failure of the boom raised and damage to the boom result from the little rigidity of the long boom. The auxiliary bracing is a vital factor in the boom system. The deflection and the bearing weight condition can be improved obviously.
    Crawler crane is a mobile crane for lifting operation, lifting can be used to transport materials, equipment and installation of plant and other operations. Crawler crane has low grounding pressure, small turning radius and large climbing ability. It also can adapt to poor ground. Crawler crane has a large lifting capacity, kinds of combination for the length of the arm and large operating range.It also performs well in lifting. Just because of all this characters it has,crawler crane has the incomparable advantages which other types of cranes do not have.However, because it always works in the complicated situation, the reasonable design and simulation is necessary.This essay mainly talks about how to make a rational design for the boom of 80t crawlar crane and to creat the model of the boom with the designing size,then using ansys software to make finite element analysis and modal analysis for the model of the boom.

Key words：Crawler Crane; Boom System;Static Analysis; Modal Analysis

 
目   錄

中文摘要 Ⅰ
ABSTRACT Ⅱ
1緒論 1
  1.1 履帶式起重機(jī)發(fā)展概述 1
    1.1.1國(guó)外履帶式起重機(jī)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 1
1.1.2國(guó)內(nèi)履帶式起重機(jī)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 3
 1.1.3履帶式起重機(jī)發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 4
1.2起重機(jī)現(xiàn)代設(shè)計(jì)方法概述 5
  1.3課題的提出與意義 8
1.3.1課題的提出 8
1.3.2課題的意義 8
2 履帶式起重機(jī)及其臂架系統(tǒng) 10
2.1履帶式起重機(jī)簡(jiǎn)介 10
2.2履帶式起重機(jī)臂架組合方式與工作原理 12
2.3起重機(jī)計(jì)算工況 13
2.4臂架有限元分析 14
2.4.1結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)化 14
2.4.2有限元離散 14
2.4.3載荷處理 15
  2.5本章小結(jié) 17
3 有限元法及ANSYS分析系統(tǒng) 18
3.1 有限元法 18
3.1.1有限元法的基本思想 18
3.1.2有限元法的基本要素 18
3.1.3有限元法的典型分析步驟 18
3.1.4有限元法的特點(diǎn) 19
3.2 ANSYS有限元分析軟件 19
3.2.1 ANSYS分析軟件 19
3.2.2 ANSYS的主要功能 20
3.2.3 ANSYS的主要技術(shù)特點(diǎn) 20
3.2.4有限元分析流程 21
3.3本章小結(jié) 23
 4 80t履帶式起重機(jī)臂架的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 24
  4.1選擇臂架材料 24
     4.1.1垂直載荷Q 24
     4.1.2起升繩拉力S 26
     4.1.3圖解法求軸向力P 27
     4.1.4校核臂架截面積 27
   4.2臂架截面積的計(jì)算 29
     4.2.1臂架的計(jì)算長(zhǎng)度lcx 與lcy的計(jì)算 29
     4.2.2臂架的回轉(zhuǎn)半徑 31
     4.2.3臂架的截面尺寸計(jì)算 33
 4.3校核構(gòu)件長(zhǎng)細(xì)比λh 33
4.4本章小結(jié) 34
 5臂架模型的建立及有限元結(jié)構(gòu)分析 35
 5.1模型的建立 35
 5.1.1確定建模方法 35
 5.1.2建立模型 37
 5.2選擇單元類型 39
 5.3網(wǎng)格劃分 41
 5.4約束及載荷處理 42
 5.5求解及計(jì)算結(jié)果分析 46
 5.6本章小結(jié) 48
6模態(tài)分析 49
  6.1模態(tài)分析介紹 49
  6.2有限元模態(tài)分析的基礎(chǔ) 50 
6.3模態(tài)分析的步驟 50 
  6.4臂架模態(tài)分析 52 
6.5臂架模態(tài)計(jì)算結(jié)果分析 56 
6.6本章小結(jié) 56
7結(jié)論與展望 57
致謝 58
參考文獻(xiàn) 59