2030六輥可逆冷軋機(jī)彎輥及平衡裝置設(shè)計

摘    要
六輥冷軋機(jī)的軋輥可以分為支撐輥、中間輥、工作輥。冷軋中間輥是冷軋機(jī)的關(guān)鍵部件。在六輥軋制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計中，重要的是分析單機(jī)架可逆式六輥軋機(jī)中間輥橫移，工作輥彎輥和中間輥彎輥對于軋件平直度和凸度的影響。
在軋制生產(chǎn)中，軋輥要與所軋金屬直接接觸，使金屬產(chǎn)生塑性變形，獲得所需要的鋼材，不論熱軋還是冷軋，軋輥是軋機(jī)的主要變形工具，而軋輥的質(zhì)量和使用壽命直接關(guān)系軋機(jī)的生產(chǎn)效率、產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量及生產(chǎn)成本。因此軋輥的質(zhì)量要求非常嚴(yán)格，其主要有強(qiáng)度、硬度、耐用性和輥型的設(shè)計，其中輥型的設(shè)計直接關(guān)系到軋制產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量，是軋輥設(shè)計中最重要的一個部分。而軋輥的輥型設(shè)計則直接關(guān)系到軋制產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量問題，包括板形和板厚的控制精度等等。
板材的平直度取決于軋制時的輥縫分布形狀和軋制前該板材所具有的平直度以及板材的橫向厚度差，而板材同一斷面的中間凸度和邊部減薄是由于軋制時軋機(jī)受到軋制反力作用而產(chǎn)生各部分的變形導(dǎo)致軋輥輥縫分布不均所至。要改變軋材的橫斷面板形，其首要問題是改善工作輥輥縫的分布形狀。采用液壓彎輥裝置，利用液壓缸的壓力，人為的對軋輥施加附加彎曲力矩，來改變軋輥軋鋼時的撓度，以消除軋制條件變化對輥縫的影響，使輥縫始終保持正確的形狀，軋出符合橫向厚度公差和板型要求的軋材。對于支承輥也采用液壓平衡裝置來支承其重量。
 液壓彎輥的突出特點(diǎn)是調(diào)整速度快，調(diào)整精度高，能夠在軋制過程中迅速修正帶鋼橫向厚度差以及消除帶鋼局部波浪形瓢曲，適應(yīng)于高速軋制的需要，并能夠使一種原始輥型適應(yīng)多種產(chǎn)品規(guī)格的要求。

關(guān)鍵詞：彎輥裝置，液壓彎輥，平衡裝置，彎輥力，軋輥輥型

ABSTRACT

Six roller cold-rolling mill's roller may divide into the back-up roll, the middle roller, the working roll. The cold rolling middle roller is cold-rolling mill's key component. In six roller rolling system's design, analyzes the single rack reversible -like six-roller mill middle roller to move horizontally more importantly, working roll curved roller and middle roller curved roller regarding rolled piece straightness and convexity influence.
In the rolling production, the roller must with roll over the metal immediate contact, causes the metal to have the plastic deformation, obtains steel products which needs, no matter the hot rolling cold rolling, the roller is rolling mill's main distortion tool, but roller's quality and service life direct relation rolling mill's production efficiency, product quality and production cost. Therefore roller's quality requirement is strict, it mainly has the intensity, degree of hardness, durable and roller's design, its middle roll's design direct relation rolling product's quality, is in the roll designing a most important part. But roller's roller design direct relation rolling product quality question, including shape of strip and thickness of slab control precision and so on.
Plate straightness is decided straightness which as well as plate crosswise thickness the roller seam distribution shape and the rolling this plate has before the rolling time is bad, but the plate identical cross section's middle convexity and side attenuates is because time rolling the rolling mill receives the rolling reaction function to have various part of distortions to cause the roller roller seam distribution unevenly. Must change rolls over the material the cross section shape of strip, its most important question is improves the working roll roller seam the distributed shape. Uses the fluid to bend the roller installment, using hydraulic cylinder's pressure, the artificial breaker roll exerts the additional bending moment, changes the roller to roll steel the time amount of deflection, eliminates the rolling condition change to the roller seam influence, causes the roller seam maintains the correct shape throughout, rolls over conforms to the crosswise thickness common difference and the board request rolls over the material. Also uses hydraulic pressure balancing unit supporting its weight regarding the support roll.
The fluid bends roller's prominent characteristic is the governed speed is quick, the adjustment precision is high, can the rapid revision hoop crosswise thickness difference as well as eliminates the hoop partial wave shape wooden scoop tune in the rolling process, adapts in the high-speed rolling need, and can cause one kind of primitive roller adaptation many kinds of product specifications the request.

Key words：Roll bending device，Hydraulic bending roll，Balance device，
Curved roller strength，Roll-roller

目   錄
中文摘要………………………………………………………………     Ⅰ
ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………..     Ⅱ
1 緒論………………………………………………………………….     1
1.1 課題來源、背景及研究意義……………………………………..     2
1.2 軋鋼機(jī)概述…………………………………………………….      3
1.3 軋鋼機(jī)械的分類…………………………………………………     3
1.3.1 按用途分類……………………………………………………..       3
1.3.2 按構(gòu)造分類………………………………………………………      4
1.3.3 按工作機(jī)座布置分類 ……………………………………      5
1.4國內(nèi)外軋鋼機(jī)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r…………………………………………….    6
    1.4.1 初軋機(jī)的發(fā)展概況…………………………………………    6
    1.4.2 冷軋寬帶鋼軋機(jī)及生產(chǎn)技術(shù)………………………………     6
    1.4.3鋼管軋機(jī)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r…………………………………….      6
        1.4.4線性軋機(jī)的發(fā)展概況……………………………………..      6
1.5軋輥概述………………………………………………………….     7
    1.5.1 軋輥的類型……………………………………………….     7
    1.5.2 軋輥的結(jié)構(gòu)……………………………………………….     7
    1.5.3 軋輥的參數(shù)……………………………………………….     8
    1.5.4 軋輥材料的選擇……………………………………………    9
1.6 主要研究內(nèi)容 ………………………………………………........    11
2 彎輥力確定及輥型設(shè)計…………………………………………..    12
2.1 輥型和影響輥型的因素……………………………………………    12
2.1.1 輥型……………………………………………………       12
2.1.2 影響軋輥輥型的因素………………………………………..    12
2.2軋輥輥型設(shè)計……………………………………………………..     14
2.3 軋輥輥型調(diào)整…………………………………………………….     15
2.4 液壓彎輥 ……………………………………………………………….      16
2.5液壓彎輥裝置……………………………………………………………       16
2.6軋制力矩模型……………………………………………………………       18
2.7工作輥和中間輥彎輥裝置的輥型曲線計算.......................      22
3 軋輥調(diào)整裝置和支承輥平衡裝置……………………………...     28
3.1 軋輥調(diào)整裝置的類型……………………………………………….    28
3.2 軋輥手動調(diào)整裝置………………………………………………….    29
   3.2.1上輥手動調(diào)整裝置…………………………………………..     29
   3.2.2中輥手動調(diào)整裝置…………………………………………..     29
   3.2.3下輥手動調(diào)整裝置………………………………………….      29
3.3 上輥平衡裝置…………………………………………………….      29
3.3.1 上輥平衡裝置的作用與特點(diǎn)…………………………………      29
3.3.2 液壓式平衡裝置……………………………………………..      30
3.4 工作輥、中間輥和支承輥質(zhì)量的確定……………………………       30
3.5 軋輥軸承的選型…………………………………………………       32
4 液壓系統(tǒng)設(shè)計………………………………………………………      35
4.1液壓缸設(shè)計………………………………………………………       35
4.1.1 工作輥液壓缸設(shè)計…………………………………………       36
4.1.2 中間輥液壓缸設(shè)計…………………………………………       36
4.1.3 關(guān)于工作輥負(fù)彎輥的設(shè)計…………………………………..       37
4.1.4 支承輥平衡缸的設(shè)計……………………………………….       38
4.2 伺服閥的設(shè)計……………………………………………………       39
4.2.1 工作輥用伺服閥……………………………………………       40
4.2.1 中間輥用伺服閥……………………………………………..      40
4.3 泵的設(shè)計……………………………………………………….....      41
4.3.1 泵的壓力計算……………………………………………….       41
4.3.2 液壓系統(tǒng)總流量計算…………………………………………      41
4.4 蓄能器設(shè)計……………………………………………………….      42
4.4.1 蓄能器的流量計算…………………………………………...      42
4.4.2 蓄能器利用容積 推導(dǎo)…………………………………….      43
4.4.3 蓄能器充氣壓力 的確定…………………………………….     43
4.4.4 蓄能器數(shù)目驗算………………………………………………     44
4.5 液壓伺服系統(tǒng)原理圖……………………………………………………..     46
5 結(jié)論……………………………………………………………………     47
6 參考文獻(xiàn)………………………………………………………………    48