摘 要

本次設(shè)計是針對鋁廠所面臨的實際困難選題的。鋁廠中鋁電解槽的維護主要由多功能天車來完成，其主要功能是對所結(jié)炭化殼面的加工（擊碎），這主要由其上面的打擊裝置來完成。目前的鋁電解多工天車上的裝置主要是液壓的和氣壓的。由于氣動沖擊時，壓縮氣體作為窗洞戒指的能量密度要求高，而且能量利用率也低，而且氣動沖擊機構(gòu)的沖擊能量很難以大幅度提高，而且能量耗大，噪聲也大大超過環(huán)保標準，而液壓沖擊器的動力介質(zhì)是液壓油，必須用另外一種介質(zhì)來沖洗炮孔排渣，同時這兩種目前利用最廣泛的沖擊器造價昂貴，且結(jié)構(gòu)復雜，操作起來對工作人員的身體健康有影響。本次設(shè)計所選的為利用電動的方式開發(fā)一種更簡單，造價便宜的沖擊器。利用電動主要是能源上來說干凈。而且電動的沖擊力大，這樣下來無疑給電解鋁節(jié)約一筆很大的開支。若能推廣更是效益不菲。設(shè)計的大機器主要是通過曲柄連桿-彈簧系統(tǒng)實現(xiàn)打擊的，它具有造價低、結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、占地面積少、使用維護方便的特點。
已空氣為動能它不像液壓油那樣，它會因為再和的增加兒壓縮，再和的減少而膨脹，它的變化主要取決于再和的大小，只重視打擊力度，增加垂頭的自身質(zhì)量，而忽略再和大小，同樣造成垂頭回程困難的不利因素。在鋁電解過程中，氣動打殼下料系統(tǒng)始終處于粉塵大，溫度高，磁場強的惡劣環(huán)境，電解鋁——液體的熱傳遞，熱輻射直接造成密封件過早的出現(xiàn)龜裂，性能硬化。夏季潤滑油因高溫滲漏、揮發(fā)、冬季室內(nèi)外溫差大，空氣水易析出，漂浮在缸內(nèi)，市區(qū)潤滑，始終處于干摩擦狀態(tài)，所以，在這種不利條件下，克服這些特點。
本次設(shè)計方案的設(shè)計包括：彈簧的設(shè)計、時域分析、電動機的設(shè)計及減速傳動機構(gòu)的設(shè)計，潤滑裝置的設(shè)計等等。












ABSTRACT

The subject of design is proposed for the difficulty that most aluminum factories face. The manufacture of tank for dissociating aluminum is finished by all-purpose car that is hung highly above head. It includes the main function that is to strike the carbonization surface. We main depend on the stricken machine to finish it .At present, there are only two types of the carbonization surface-stricken hammer. As pneumatic shocks compressed gases as a transmission medium high energy density requirements. But also the end of the energy utilization, but the impact of pneumatic impact energy is difficult to substantially increased, and energy consumption. Noise also significantly exceeded environmental standards, and hydraulic impact on the dynamic medium of hydraulic oil, must use anther kind of ring to wash deslagging hole. But it is currently using two of the most extensive impact on the cost, and complex structure, operation up to. The dsign chosen for the use of electric development of a simpler, cheaper cost of the impactor. Using electrical energy is clean run. And the impact of electric power, so down to the smelter will undoubtedly save a lot of expenditure. If efficiency is to promote more expensive. Design blow for primarily through the crank rod-spring system fighting, it is low cost and simple structure, small footprint, ease of.
Kinetic energy to the air, it is not as hydraulic oil, it will be because of the increasing load compression, load reduction and expansion. It mainly depends on the load changes in the size, only to the crackdown, increasing the hammer head-body quality, neglect load size, the same difficulties caused Hammers return of adverse factors. In the electrolytic process, pneumatic sheller cutting system is always dust, temperature, magnetic field strong adverse environment, electrolytic aluminum heat transfer liquid, direct thermal radiation causing premature seal the emergence of crack, performance sclerosis. Summer high temperature lubricants for leakage, evaporation, winter indoor and outdoor temperature, air water easily precipitate, floating in tanks, loss of lubrication, always in a state of dry friction, therefore, in such adverse conditions, overcome these features.
The design includes: spring design, time-domain analysis, electrical design and deceleration drive the design, lubricating device design, and so on.




目 錄
摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
引言 1
1 機構(gòu)的方案設(shè)計 2
1.1課題的設(shè)計目的 2
2.2設(shè)計的參數(shù)和功能要求 2
1.2.1鋁電解槽 2
1.2.2電動打擊器的要求 3
1.2.3電動打擊器的設(shè)計性能參數(shù) 3
1.3機構(gòu)的方案設(shè)計與選擇 3
2 彈簧的設(shè)計和時域分析 5
2.1彈簧的設(shè)計 5
2.1.1選擇材料和確定許用應(yīng)力 5
2.1.2選擇旋繞比 5
2.1.3計算鋼絲直徑 5
2.1.4計算彈簧的中徑 6
2.1.5計算彈簧的的圈數(shù) 6
2.1.6計算彈簧的自由高度 7
2.1.7彈簧的螺旋角 7
2.1.8彈簧的節(jié)距 7
2.1.9彈簧的穩(wěn)定性計算 7
2.1.10彈簧的長度 7
2.1.11彈簧實際性能參數(shù) 7
2.1.12彈簧的工作圖 7
2.2時域分析 8
3 沖擊錘和鉗口滑塊的尺寸設(shè)計 14
3.1沖擊錘 14
3.2鉗口滑塊 14
4 電動機的選擇及電動機的計算 16
4.1傳動類型的確定 16
4.2傳動路線的設(shè)計確定 17
4.3動力機的選擇依據(jù) 18
4.4電動機的功率計算 18
4.5電機的校核 22
5 減速傳動機構(gòu)零部件計算 23
5.1大小圓錐齒輪的設(shè)計計算 23
5.1.1選取材料 23
5.1.2根據(jù)齒面接觸強度初步確定參數(shù) 23
5.1.3驗算齒根彎曲疲勞強度校核 24
5.1.4確定齒輪的參數(shù) 25
5.1.5確定齒輪的制造精度 25
5.2高速軸的設(shè)計 25
5.2.1選軸的材料 25
5.2.2確定軸的最小直徑..