摘 要

在現(xiàn)今的社會(huì)生產(chǎn)中，工程機(jī)械正充當(dāng)著不可替代的重要角色。從市政工程、交通建設(shè)到大型工程的開(kāi)展，工程機(jī)械都發(fā)揮了重要的作用。其中尤以液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)的挖掘機(jī)為代表。
為滿足工程機(jī)械的各種作業(yè)要求，使其能夠更大限度地發(fā)揮生產(chǎn)能力，本文研究了整機(jī)質(zhì)量為20T的輪式挖掘機(jī)在滿足高速檔0~30Km/h、低速檔0~8Km/h、最大爬坡度>20度的牽引要求下所需的牽引力，并選擇了適當(dāng)?shù)囊簤厚R達(dá)、確定了行走裝置的速比分配，最終設(shè)計(jì)了適用于20T挖掘機(jī)的集中液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)動(dòng)力換檔型變速裝置，即行星齒輪減速器。
與普通的定軸式減速箱相比，行星式減速器有齒輪模數(shù)小、結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、重量較輕、傳動(dòng)效率高等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。在本文所附的減速器裝配圖中可以看出其結(jié)構(gòu)的緊湊性。
本文在研究方法上借鑒了以往的關(guān)于車(chē)輛牽引力計(jì)算的方法，考慮到了滾動(dòng)阻力、空氣阻力、坡道阻力、行走速度以及傳動(dòng)損失和行走損失對(duì)牽引力的影響。在換檔裝置方面，本文采用了能夠依靠液壓油直接控制的濕式摩擦離合器，并采用了結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、釋放平穩(wěn)的碟形彈簧作為復(fù)位元件。
本文設(shè)計(jì)了一款行星齒輪減速器，并隨后附上了該減速器的裝配圖、箱體圖以及部分零件圖。經(jīng)過(guò)校核，本文所設(shè)計(jì)的行星齒輪減速器能夠滿足20T挖掘機(jī)各檔速度以及爬坡能力等作業(yè)要求。



關(guān)鍵詞：減速器，行星齒輪，工程機(jī)械，液壓傳動(dòng)

ABSTRACT


In the modern social production, engineering machinery is playing an irreplaceable role in the municipal project, transportation construction, and the construction of some large-scale projects. Excavator driven by liquid compression is one of the typical engineer machinery.
In order to meet the requirements of all operations to exert their production capacity in maximum, the paper do some research on to measure the tractive effort of a wheel excavator weighted 20T under the conditions of variator high ratio at 0~30Km/h, variator low ratio at 0~8Km/h, and maximum gradability over 20 degree, choose the proper hydraulic slave motor, decide the ratio of speed of the traveling gears, and finally design out a variable-speed gearshift driven by liquid compression applied to the 20T weight excavator, named planet decelerator.
Compared with the ordinary countershaft reduction gearbox, the planet decelerators have the merits of small module of gear, compact form, light in weight, high transmission efficiency and the like. From the assembly drawing of decelerators in the paper, we can figure out the compact character of the form.
The paper utilizes the precedent method to count a car's traction with the condition of the influence of rolling resistance, air resistance, gradient resistance, travel speed, tra,nsmission loss and travel loss on the traction. As to the gearshift, the paper uses wet friction clutch directly controlled by hydraulic oil, and chooses the form-compacted and stably released belleville ring as reset unit.
The paper design out a planet decelerator, followed with its erection drawing, case drawing and part drawings. After the check process, it turns out that this planet decelerator can satisfy the different shift speeds of a 20T weight excavator and the requirements of any operations such as grade ability.


Key words: decelerator, planet gear, engineering machinery, construction machinery and equipment, hydraulic transmission

目 錄

摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
1 緒論 1
1.1 發(fā)展概況 1
1.2 行星齒輪的傳動(dòng)的發(fā)展 6
1.2.1 行星齒輪的定義 6
1.3 行星齒輪傳動(dòng)的特點(diǎn) 9
1.3.1行星齒輪傳動(dòng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn) 9
1.3.2行星齒輪傳動(dòng)的缺點(diǎn) 10
1.4 設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)簡(jiǎn)介 11
1.4.1設(shè)計(jì)的主要內(nèi)容 11
1.4.2 設(shè)計(jì)的要求 11
2 減速箱傳動(dòng)方案的設(shè)計(jì) 12
2.1 行星齒輪傳動(dòng)類型設(shè)計(jì) 12
2.1.1 行星傳動(dòng)的分類 12
2.1.2 行星齒輪傳動(dòng)的基本類型 12
2.1.3 行星齒輪傳動(dòng)類型的選定及傳動(dòng)簡(jiǎn)圖 13
2.2 初選馬達(dá)、液壓泵、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī) 14
2.3 變速箱傳動(dòng)比的確定 16
2.3.1 最低行駛速度 與最高行駛速度 的確定 16
2.3.2 變速箱最低檔與最高檔的傳動(dòng)比 17
2.4 爬坡能力與最高速的驗(yàn)算 19
2.4.1 各檔輪胎驅(qū)動(dòng)力 的驗(yàn)算 19
2.4.2 各檔最高速的驗(yàn)算 19
2.4.3 整機(jī)牽引力特性曲線： 20
3 減速箱零件的設(shè)計(jì)與校核 22
3.1 摩擦離合器的確定 22
3.1.1 性能參數(shù)的確定 22
3.1.2 結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)的確定 22
3.2 Ⅰ軸的設(shè)計(jì)與校核 23
3.2.1 Ⅰ軸材料的選取 23
3.2.2 Ⅰ軸直徑的初步估算 23
3.2.3 Ⅰ軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 24
3.2.4 Ⅰ軸的校核計(jì)算 25
3.3 齒輪的設(shè)計(jì)與校核 28
3.3.1 選配齒輪 28
3.3.2 確定齒輪主要參數(shù) 29
3.3.3 齒輪的校核 30
4.總結(jié) 33
參考文獻(xiàn) 34