五口千兆以太網(wǎng)交換機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)

摘 要

作為局域網(wǎng)的主要連接設(shè)備，以太網(wǎng)交換機(jī)成為應(yīng)用普及最快的網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備之一。隨著交換技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展，以太網(wǎng)交換機(jī)的價(jià)格急劇下降，交換到桌面已是大勢(shì)所趨。

　　如果你的以太網(wǎng)絡(luò)上擁有大量的用戶、繁忙的應(yīng)用程序和各式各樣的服務(wù)器，而且你還未對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)做出任何調(diào)整，那么整個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的性能可能會(huì)非常低。解決方法之一是在以太網(wǎng)上添加一個(gè)10/100Mbps的交換機(jī)，它不僅可以處理10Mbps的常規(guī)以太網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)流，而且還可以支持100Mbps的快速以太網(wǎng)連接。

　　如果網(wǎng)絡(luò)的利用率超過(guò)了40%，并且碰撞率大于10%，交換機(jī)可以幫你解決一點(diǎn)問(wèn)題。帶有100Mbps快速以太網(wǎng)和10Mbps以太網(wǎng)端口的交換機(jī)可以全雙工方式運(yùn)行，可以建立起專用的20Mbps到200Mbps連接。

　　不僅不同網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境下交換機(jī)的作用各不相同，在同一網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境下添加新的交換機(jī)和增加現(xiàn)有交換機(jī)的交換端口對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的影響也不盡相同。充分了解和掌握網(wǎng)絡(luò)的流量模式是能否發(fā)揮交換機(jī)作用的一個(gè)非常重要的因素。因?yàn)槭褂媒粨Q機(jī)的目的就是盡可能的減少和過(guò)濾網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的數(shù)據(jù)流量，所以如果網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的某臺(tái)交換機(jī)由于安裝位置設(shè)置不當(dāng)，幾乎需要轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)接收到的所有數(shù)據(jù)包的話，交換機(jī)就無(wú)法發(fā)揮其優(yōu)化網(wǎng)絡(luò)性能的作用，反而降低了數(shù)據(jù)的傳輸速度，增加了網(wǎng)絡(luò)延遲。

　　除安裝位置之外，如果在那些負(fù)載較小，信息量較低的網(wǎng)絡(luò)中也盲目添加交換機(jī)的話，同樣也可能起到負(fù)面影響。受數(shù)據(jù)包的處理時(shí)間、交換機(jī)的緩沖區(qū)大小以及需要重新生成新數(shù)據(jù)包等因素的影響，在這種情況下使用簡(jiǎn)單的HUB要比交換機(jī)更為理想。因此，我們不能一概認(rèn)為交換機(jī)就比HUB有優(yōu)勢(shì)，尤其當(dāng)用戶的網(wǎng)絡(luò)并不擁擠，尚有很大的可利用空間時(shí)，使用HUB更能夠充分利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)的現(xiàn)有資源。

關(guān)鍵詞: 以太網(wǎng)交換機(jī) ， 共享互聯(lián)網(wǎng) ， 網(wǎng)絡(luò)延遲 ， 數(shù)據(jù)流



ABSTRACT

As the main local area network connection device, Ethernet switch into wider use one of the fastest network equipment. With the continuous development of switching technology, Ethernet switch prices falling sharply, the exchange is the general trend to the desktop.

Ethernet network if you have a large number of users, applications and a variety busy server, and you have not made any adjustments to the network structure, then the whole network performance may be very low. One solution is to add a 10/100Mbps Ethernet switch, it can not only handle the regular 10Mbps Ethernet data stream, but also can support 100Mbps Fast Ethernet connection.

If the network utilization exceeds 40%, and the collision rate of greater than 10%, the switch can help you solve a little problem. With a 100Mbps Fast Ethernet and 10Mbps Ethernet port full duplex switch can run, you can set up a dedicated 20Mbps to 200Mbps connections.

Under different network environment not only the role of different switches in the same network environment to add new switches and exchange switches to increase the existing network of ports are not the same. Fully understand and grasp the network traffic patterns is whether the switch to play the role of a very important factor. Because the purpose of using the switches as much as possible to reduce and filter network traffic, so if the network switch as the installation location of a station set up properly, almost need to forward all packets received, then the switch will not be able to play its optimal network The role of performance, but reduces the data transmission speed, increased network latency.

In addition to the installation location, the load if those smaller, less the amount of information is also blind to add a network switch, the same may also be a negative impact. By the packet processing time, switch buffer size and the need to generate new data packets and other factors, in this case using a simple switch HUB than desirable. Therefore, we can not all think that the switch has an advantage than the HUB, especially when the user's network is not crowded, there is considerable available space, the use of HUB better able to make full use of network resources.

Key words：Ethernet Switches， Sharing Internet， Network delay ，data stream

目 錄

第1章 緒 論 1

1.1 五口千兆交換機(jī)特點(diǎn)介紹 1

1.2 交換機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)發(fā)流程 2

1.3 交換機(jī)制作資料清單 2

1.3.1 PCB格式文件 2

1.3.2 PCB制作規(guī)格書 2

1.3.3 BOM表單 3

1.3.4 SMT坐標(biāo)文件 4

1.3.5 PCB絲印圖 5

1.3.6 EEPROM軟件燒錄 6

1.3.7 產(chǎn)品試產(chǎn)通知書 7

1.4 設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容與要求 7

第2章 開(kāi)發(fā)與測(cè)試工具描述 8

2.1 PADS 2007簡(jiǎn)介 8

2.1.1 Logic 編輯界面 8

2.1.2 LAYOUT編輯界面 9

2.1.3 Router編輯界面 10

2.2 SmartBits600儀表簡(jiǎn)介 11

2.2.1 儀表概述 11

2.2.2 Smartbits600 前面板介紹 11

2.2.3 Smartibits600后視圖 12

2.2.4 交換機(jī)測(cè)試項(xiàng)目 12

第3章 硬件描述 14

3.1 主芯片RTL8366S簡(jiǎn)介簡(jiǎn)介 14

3.1.1 主要特性 14

3.1.2 主要管腳說(shuō)明 14

3.2 電源 IC 介紹 15

3.2.1電源IC BM1513簡(jiǎn)介 15

3.2.2內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu) 15

3.3 EEPROM 介紹 16

3.3.1 24C08 功能簡(jiǎn)介 16

3.4 自檢電路介紹 18

3.4.1 電路組成 18

3.4.2 工作原理 18

3.5 9V 1A開(kāi)關(guān)電源簡(jiǎn)介 19

第4章 交換機(jī)的硬件設(shè)計(jì) 20

4.1 實(shí)現(xiàn)方案 20

4.2 電路的模塊..