關于ISM code的實施與探討

[摘 要]：近幾年來,由于海難事故頻繁發(fā)生,造成船舶損害、旅客及船員生命喪失,甚至污染海洋環(huán)境、造成海洋資源重大損失。有鑒于此,國際海事組織制定ISM code著重于船東及船舶有效管理營運、保障旅客及船員生命安全、防止海洋環(huán)境污染。規(guī)定全世界各地船舶所有人或經(jīng)營人嚴格遵守,并強制在一定期限內(nèi)實施。本文根據(jù)自己掌握的船公司及船舶實施ISM code的情況，結(jié)合自己海上實踐的經(jīng)歷，綜合吸收船公司及船舶實施ISM code的經(jīng)驗和專家學者的文獻及相關資料，針對ISM code在船舶及航運公司以及船舶管理人員等方面實施在重要性和實施現(xiàn)狀及遇到的問題，正確理解和運用ISM code，對船公司及船舶實施ISM code過程中遇到的問題做了一定的探討和分析。闡明了安全管理體系是由人建立和運作的，要提高安全管理體系的管理水平，必須建立“以人為本、安全為天”的基本思想，始終把人的因素放在第一位，努力提高人員素質(zhì)，使安全管理體系充分、適宜和有效地運作，實現(xiàn)保證海上安全、防止人員傷亡、避免對環(huán)境特別是海洋環(huán)境造成危害以及對財產(chǎn)造成損失的目標。

[關鍵詞]：船公司 船舶 ISM code 安全  管理規(guī)則

With regard to the implementation of ISM code and Discussion

[Abstract]: In recent years，F(xiàn)requent accidents due to disaster, causing damage to the ship, passengers and crew loss of life, and even pollute the marine environment, resulting in significant loss of marine resources. In view of this, the International Maritime Organization to develop ISM code focuses on effective management of ship owners and ship operation, to protect the safety of passengers and crew to prevent pollution of the marine environment. Around the world provides the owner or operator of the ship strictly adhered to, and enforce the implementation of a certain period of time. In this paper, hands according to their own companies and the ships of the implementation of the ISM code, the combination of their own practice experience at sea, the integrated absorption of the shipping companies and ship experience in the implementation of the ISM code and experts and scholars of literature and related information, the rules for the ISM in the ship and shipping and ship management personnel and the implementation of the importance of the implementation of the status quo and the problems encountered, the correct understanding and application of ISM code, companies and the ships of the ISM code implementation of the process of the issues encountered a certain amount of discussion and analysis. Safety management system set out by the people to establish and operate safety management system to improve the management level, we must establish a "people-oriented, safe for the day," the basic idea, the human factor is always the first place, efforts to improve the quality of personnel so that the full safety management system, appropriate and effective operation to ensure the achievement of maritime security, the prevention of casualties, especially to avoid the environmental harm the marine environment, as well as damage to property objectives.

[Key words]：Shipping companies ；ships；ISM code；safety；Management rules

目  錄
引言...................................................................4
第一章  ISM code概述...................................................5
        1.1 ISMcode產(chǎn)生的原因..........................................5
        1.2 ISM code的實施要求.........................................5
第二章  實施ISM code的重要及必要性....................................7
        2.1船舶適航方面................................................7
        2.2 承運人航行過失免責方面.....................................7
        2.3 件/單位責任限制方面........................................7
        2.4 海上保險方面...............................................7
        2.5 船舶抵押融資方面...........................................8
        2.6 船舶登記和方便旗船方面.....................................8
        2.7 港口國控制方面.............................................8
第三章  ISM code的管理思想和方法.......................................9
        3.1 ISM code的管理思想.........................................9
        3.2 ISM code的管理方法.........................................9
第四章  ISM code的實施................................................11
        4.1ISMcode的實施..............................................11
             4.11實施目的.............................................11
             4.12側(cè)重點...............................................11
             4.13 適用范圍.............................................11
             4.14 實施的本質(zhì)...........................................11
        4.2 如何實施ISM code...........................................11
第五章 對ISM code運行有效性的評估.....................................14
        5.1 船舶航運公司SMS運行有效性指標體系的建立...................14
        5.2 評價模型的建立………………………………………………………….14
        5.3 評判模型的應用與驗證………………………………………………….17
第六章  實施ISM code中出現(xiàn)的問題......................................19
        6.1 分析船舶在實施ISM code中出現(xiàn)“不符合”項的原因............19
        6.2  分析ISM code實施中的幾個問題.............................22
第七章  如何充分實施ISM code并發(fā)揮其效能探討..........................24
        7.1 如何加快ISM code的普遍執(zhí)行………………………………………..24
        7.2 公司如何發(fā)揮SMS的效能……………………………………………….24
             7.21 SMS應具有的三個特性———信、親、行……………………..25
             7.22 SMS的有效程度取決于公司管理和船員響應…………………..25
             7.23 可能為船公司提供的其他便利…………………………………..26
7.3 對ISM code實施的幾點建議…………………………………………….27
結(jié)論....................................................................30
致謝辭..................................................................31
參考文獻................................................................32