影響我國沿海的海霧及霧中避碰規(guī)則探討

[摘要]：海霧是影響航海安全的主要天氣現(xiàn)象, 每年因海霧帶來不良能見度從而造成的船舶碰撞、觸礁、擱淺等海損、海難事故常常發(fā)生。據(jù)統(tǒng)計, 近2/3以上的海上碰撞事故是發(fā)生在不良能見度的天氣條件下。我國海域遼闊, 海岸線漫長, 海霧一年四季都可出現(xiàn), 因此, 航海工作者了解和掌握海霧的形成、影響以及霧航中的注意事項對航海安全保障具有重要的意義。本文結(jié)合眾航海家多年海上航海氣象預(yù)報保障經(jīng)驗和積累的有關(guān)資料, 討論了我國沿海海霧的一些特點, 并分析了兩次霧航碰撞事故的原因及其與《國際海上避碰規(guī)則》的密不可分的聯(lián)系。對于保證船舶在中國沿海霧中航行安全，防止事故發(fā)生，具有重要意義。
[關(guān)鍵詞]：能見度不良  霧航   碰撞   事故   規(guī)則
 

The impact of China's coastal sea fog and mist of the Regulations for Preventing Collisions Discussion

[Abstract]: Sea fog affected the safety of navigation are the main weather phenomena, each year from adverse sea fog and visibility resulting in a ship collision, running aground, stranded, such as average, sea accidents often happen. According to statistics, nearly 2 / 3 or more incidents of collisions at sea are occurring in adverse weather and visibility conditions. China's vast sea, a long coastline, sea fog can occur throughout the year, so workers understand and grasp the navigational sea fog formation, as well as the attention of fog voyage of maritime safety and security matters of great significance. In this paper, the public navigator sailing weather forecasts for many years at sea to protect the accumulation of experience and relevant information, to discuss China's coastal sea fog some of the features and analysis of aircraft collision between two fog cause of the accident and its rules for Preventing Collisions at Sea inseparable Contact. Ship in China to ensure safe navigation of coastal fog, the Prevention of Accidents happen, of great significance.
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[Key word]:  Restricted visibility    Navigate in fog    Collision    Accident   rules

 
目  錄

引  言....................................................................1
第1章 霧對船舶航行安全的影響 ............................................2
1.1霧及中國沿海的霧區(qū)狀況 ...............................................2
1.2 霧對船舶航行安全的影響 ...............................................3
第2章 中國沿海霧中安全航行與《海規(guī)》.....................................5
2.1《規(guī)則》在霧中的重要性.................................................5
2.2 正確領(lǐng)會運用《規(guī)則》..................................................5
第3章  霧中船舶碰撞事故實例分析..........................................6
3.1“寶通海１”輪與“金冠”輪碰撞事故.....................................6
3.2 A輪與B輪碰撞事故....................................................8
第4章 中國沿海《規(guī)則》下霧中的航行方法..................................11
4.1周密計劃，充分準(zhǔn)備...................................................11
4.2謹(jǐn)慎駕駛，正規(guī)瞭望....................................................11
4.3連續(xù)標(biāo)繪，積極避讓....................................................12
4.4注意雷達(dá)的局限性......................................................13
4.5執(zhí)行分道通航制和北方沿海定線分道航行方法..............................13
4.6認(rèn)真執(zhí)行《國際海上避碰規(guī)則》及有關(guān)法規(guī) ...............................13
結(jié)束辭...................................................................15
致謝詞...................................................................16
[參考文獻(xiàn)].....................................................17