國(guó)家賠償法的歸責(zé)原則問(wèn)題的思考

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摘        要

在國(guó)家賠償制度中，歸責(zé)原則是核心和基礎(chǔ)，它直接體現(xiàn)著國(guó)家賠償?shù)牧⒎ㄕ?，反映了?guó)家賠償?shù)膬r(jià)值取向，并且決定著可引起國(guó)家賠償?shù)男袨榉秶?，直接影響到?guó)家賠償?shù)某绦蚣芭e證責(zé)任的承擔(dān)等。
在我國(guó)國(guó)家賠償?shù)牧⒎ㄟ^(guò)程中，學(xué)者們針對(duì)歸責(zé)原則進(jìn)行了激烈的討論，提出了多種觀點(diǎn)，國(guó)家賠償法最終采用了違法歸責(zé)原則。由于我們對(duì)違法歸責(zé)原則研究不夠深入，在國(guó)家賠償法的實(shí)施過(guò)程中，該原則也顯現(xiàn)出一些不足之處，突出表現(xiàn)在該原則使得國(guó)家賠償范圍過(guò)窄；操作性還不夠強(qiáng)。
進(jìn)而，鑒于學(xué)界的理論爭(zhēng)鳴和現(xiàn)實(shí)思考，文章提出我國(guó)應(yīng)確立以違法責(zé)任原則為主、無(wú)過(guò)錯(cuò)責(zé)任原則為輔行政賠償歸責(zé)原則體系的立法建議，這項(xiàng)制度既有利于規(guī)范國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)的行政行為，又有利于保護(hù)公民、法人和其他組織的合法權(quán)益，體現(xiàn)了社會(huì)的公平正義。此體系合國(guó)情，順潮流，具重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。

關(guān)鍵詞：國(guó)家賠償法  歸責(zé)原則  違法責(zé)任  無(wú)過(guò)錯(cuò)責(zé)任 

Abstract

In the state compensation system，imputation principle is the core and foundation, it embodies the legislation of state compensation policy,reflects the value orientation of state compensation policy, and determines the behavior scope which can cause of national compensation, the direct impact on national compensation program and the burden of the bear, etc.
In the process of legislating the state compensation law in our country, scholars have held heat-ed discussion on imputation principle,and various viewpoints have been put foward.. Eventually offence imputation principle has been put into praetice. Because of lacking deep and thorough stu -dy of it there appear evident drawbacks in carrying out the state compensation principle，outstan -ding in the narrow state compensation range; the operative characteristics are not strong enough..
Then, in view of the theory and academic schools thinking, the article proposed that established illegal liability principle should be puts forward in China, complementary liability without fault principle of compensation imputation principle system, this system not only regulate the administrative organs of state behavior, but also protect the citizens, legal persons and other organizations, and embodies the lawful rights and interests of the social equity. This system close union ,together with the tide, and the important practical significance.

Key words： state compensation law    imputation principle    
     illegal liability            liability without fault