基于PLC控制的帶式輸送機(jī)自動張緊裝置

摘  要

本設(shè)計主要是帶式輸送機(jī)全自動液壓張緊裝置的設(shè)計。它是在吸收國、內(nèi)外輸送機(jī)張緊技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)國內(nèi)帶式輸送機(jī)的運(yùn)行特點(diǎn)及要求研制的。它采用比例控制技術(shù)及可靠性較高的可編程控制技術(shù)，可以對張緊力進(jìn)行多點(diǎn)控制，根據(jù)不同工作情況隨時調(diào)節(jié)張緊力的大小。能最大程度的延長皮帶的壽命，大大節(jié)約了成本。在設(shè)計中，用一個動滑輪使液壓缸的行程減少了一半，避免使用行程較長的液壓缸，減少了制造液壓缸的難度。同時，系統(tǒng)中增加了若干個蓄能器，可以最大限度的吸收液壓沖擊，減小對皮帶的沖擊力提高膠帶的使用壽命。
本設(shè)計在總結(jié)其它常規(guī)皮帶張緊裝置的基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)計了能夠滿足皮帶機(jī)的皮帶長度變化較大時的皮帶拉緊裝置。此裝置在皮帶機(jī)啟動階段,能提供足夠大的啟動張力；啟動完畢后, 又可使皮帶的張力恢復(fù)到額定值以維持皮帶機(jī)的正常運(yùn)行。本文根據(jù)液壓自動張緊裝置的液壓原理,詳細(xì)闡述了自動張緊裝置的結(jié)構(gòu)組成、控制原理及功能特點(diǎn),并闡明了控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計關(guān)鍵在于壓力值和最大拉力值的設(shè)定。
介紹了帶式輸送機(jī)運(yùn)行系統(tǒng)要求,并運(yùn)用PLC可編程控制技術(shù)對帶式輸送機(jī)的起動、制動和拉緊部分實(shí)時監(jiān)控,完全實(shí)現(xiàn)了帶式輸送機(jī)自動控制運(yùn)行方式,構(gòu)成了一個高可靠性的設(shè)備運(yùn)行控制系統(tǒng)。

關(guān)鍵詞：帶式輸送機(jī)； 自動液壓張緊裝置； 自動控制； 可編程控制PLC

ABSTRACT

This design is mainly about full automatic hydraulic tension station for belt conveyer. It is designed on the foundation of opening technology in and outside, according to the domestic operation characteristic of belt conveyer and requirement. The equipment is also made on domestic belt-type conveyer movement characteristic and requestment. It uses the proportional control technology and the reliable higher programmable control technology, It may carry on the multi-spots control to strict the strength, adjusts pressing the strength size as necessary according to the different working condition.It can be the greatest degree lengthen the leather belt the life, greatly saved the cost. In the design, It causes the hydraulic cylinder with a movable pulley the stroke to reduce one half, and avoides using a stroke longer hydraulic cylinder.In this way,it reduces difficulty of  the hydraulic cylinder’s produce. At the same time, it increases certain accumulators in the system, and limits absorption hydraulic pressure impact,which reduces the leather belt impulse and enhances the adhesive tape’s life.
In this issue ,the belt conveyer device whose tension force varied greatly is desiged to satisfy the re2 quirement s of the st ressed belt in varied length. It s tersion is greater in starting state ,and smaller in normal state moving. In the basis of working principle of automatic hydraulic tensioning device , st ructure composing , cont rol principle and function characteristics of the device were int roduced in this paper. It also expounded the design key of the cont rol system is to set pressure value and maxim drawing value.
Introduces requirement of belt conveyer operating system. PLC is utilized to monitor the drive , brake and tension part of belt conveyer in real time and to realize autocontrol operating mode completely, constructing a control system with super reliability for equipment operation.

Key words：Belt-type conveyer； full automatic hydraulic tension station； automatic control； programmable control

目    錄

1 概述 1
1.1張緊裝置的作用 1
1.2張緊裝置的類型及其介紹 2
1.3液壓張緊裝置的基本介紹及其特點(diǎn) 2
1.3.1液壓張緊裝置的特點(diǎn) 2
1.3.2新型自動控制液壓張緊裝置的主要技術(shù)特點(diǎn) 3
1.3.3液壓傳動的特點(diǎn) 3
1.4帶式輸送機(jī)張緊裝置的PLC控制系統(tǒng)介紹 4
1.4.1 PLC的介紹 4
1.4.2帶式輸送機(jī)張緊裝置的控制原理 6
2 帶式輸送機(jī)的工作原理 9
2.1帶式輸送機(jī)的組成及工作原理 9
2.1.1帶式輸送機(jī)的組成 9
2.1.2帶式輸送機(jī)的工作原理 11
2.2帶式輸送機(jī)的驅(qū)動原理——摩擦傳動原理 11
2.2.1單滾筒驅(qū)動情況 12
2.2.2多滾筒驅(qū)動情況 16
3 帶式輸送機(jī)的選型設(shè)計計算 21
3.1設(shè)計參數(shù) 21
3.2帶式輸送機(jī)的機(jī)型選擇 21
3.3輸送帶的選擇設(shè)計 21
3.3.1選取帶速 21
3.3.2選擇帶寬 22
3.4運(yùn)行阻力的計算 23
3.5輸送帶張力的計算 25
3.6校核 27
3.7張緊行程及張緊力的計算 28
3.7.1張緊行程 28
3.7.2張緊力 28
3.8機(jī)型布置 30
3.8.1布置原則 30
3.8.2布置形式 30
3.9滾筒的選擇 31
3.10電機(jī)、減速器的選型及有關(guān)驅(qū)動裝置部件的選用 33
3.10.2減速器的選型 33
3.10.3有關(guān)驅(qū)動裝置部件的選用 35
4 帶式輸送機(jī)的起動分析 37
4.1帶式輸送機(jī)的起動曲線 37
4.2起動時的動張力計算 39
4.3起動時間 42
5 張緊裝置選擇方案 43
5.1張緊裝置的類型 43
5.2方案比較與選擇 44
6 張緊裝置的設(shè)計 48
6.1張緊裝置組成 48
6.2主要技術(shù)問題 49
6.3張緊裝置參數(shù)的確定 49
6.3.1張緊力和張緊行程 50
6.3.2啟動加速度 50
6.3.3起動時間 50
6.4液壓站及有關(guān)元件的設(shè)計與選用 50
6.4.1液壓油缸的設(shè)計 50
6.4.2齒輪泵及電機(jī) 54
6.4.3蓄能器 54
6.4.4液壓油箱的設(shè)計 55
6.4.5電液比例溢流閥及其放大器 55
6.4.6電磁換向閥、單向閥 57
6.5機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計 57
6.5.1張緊車架 57
6.5.2滑輪 58
6.6注意事項(xiàng)與要求 58
6.6.1張緊裝置的振動 58
6.6.2設(shè)備使用要求 58
7 電控系統(tǒng) 59
7.1控制系統(tǒng)的硬件組成 59
7.1.1 PLC及擴(kuò)展模塊 59
7.1.2測速傳感器 61
7.1.3壓力變送器 62
7.1.4 PLC控制系統(tǒng)的硬件配置圖 64
7.2軟件設(shè)計 64
7.2.1思路及流程圖 65
7.2.2輸入輸出點(diǎn)地址分配 65
7.2.3參數(shù)設(shè)定 65
7.2.4帶式輸送機(jī)張緊裝置PLC程序 68
結(jié)  論 75
參考文獻(xiàn) 76
英文原文 77
中文譯文 99
致  謝 104